評(píng)論
打印
【Debating the Best Way to Learn a Language】
視頻下載（點(diǎn)擊右鍵另存為）
This is the VOA Special English Education Report.
這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)教育報(bào)道。
What is the best way to learn a new language? A small study of foreign language learning in adults compared two methods. One is known as the explicit or classroom method. This is the kind of traditional classroom teaching where students are taught a lot of information about grammar rules.
什么是學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言的最好方式？一項(xiàng)針對(duì)成年人外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的小型研究對(duì)兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法進(jìn)行了比較。一種被稱(chēng)為外顯學(xué)習(xí)法或課堂教學(xué)法，這是一種傳統(tǒng)的課堂教學(xué)，學(xué)生們被教授很多關(guān)于語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的信息。
The other method is known as the implicit or immersion method. The idea here is to learn much the way children do when they learn a native language. That is, by being with native speakers and absorbing the language that surrounds them, generally without a lot of explanation.
另一種方法被稱(chēng)為隱性學(xué)習(xí)法或浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)法。這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的方式。也就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)和母語(yǔ)人士接觸，吸納周邊環(huán)境中使用的語(yǔ)言，一般沒(méi)有太多講解。
Teachers may combine these two methods into what Professor Michael Ullman calls immersion-style classroom teaching. But is that necessarily a better way to learn a language?
教師們可能會(huì)將這兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法結(jié)合，形成Michael Ullman教授所說(shuō)的浸泡式課堂教學(xué)。但是，那一定是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言更好的方式嗎？
Mr. Ullman was thesenior investigator for the new study. He is a professor of neuroscience at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington. He says he was surprised to find that combining the two methods might not help the brain in processing the new language.
Ullman先生是這項(xiàng)新研究的資深研究員。他是華盛頓喬治敦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的一名神經(jīng)學(xué)教授。他說(shuō)他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，結(jié)合這兩種方法可能不會(huì)有助于大腦處理這門(mén)新語(yǔ)言。
MICHAEL ULLMAN: "You know, if my life were on the line, and I had to learn a language, what would I do? I'm not sure. One possibility would be that, to start with explicit and then go to immersion, right? Start with classroom and then go to immersion. But there is this possibility that classroom could hurt later immersion. That's what, you know, one possibility of interpreting our data."
MICHAEL ULLMAN：“你知道的，如果我的生活所迫，我不得不學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言，我會(huì)怎么做？我也不確定。一種可能性是，先是外顯學(xué)習(xí)法，然后浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)法，對(duì)嗎？先從課堂學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)始，然后進(jìn)入浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)。但是有這種可能性，課堂學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)傷害到隨后的浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)。你知道，這是解釋我們這些數(shù)據(jù)的一種可能性。”
The Public Library of Science published the study earlier this year. The twenty-one adults in the experiment learned Brocanto2, a thirteen-word language created for the study. The words and grammar rules relate to a computer game similar to chess that the learners played. For example, "Blom neimo lu neep li praz" means "The square blom-piece switches with the neep-piece."
科學(xué)公共圖書(shū)館今年早些時(shí)候發(fā)表了這項(xiàng)研究。研究中被試的21名成年人學(xué)習(xí)了Brocanto2語(yǔ)言，這是為該研究創(chuàng)造的一門(mén)由13個(gè)字母組成的語(yǔ)言，其單詞和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和學(xué)習(xí)者玩的一種類(lèi)似國(guó)際象棋的電腦游戲有關(guān)。例如，"Blom neimo lu neep li praz"意思是“方形的Blom部件由neep部件轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)。”
The researchers tested the people three to six months after they had learned the language, to see how well they could remember it. The study found that those who had learned it with the immersion method had brain waves similar to those of native speakers of a language when speaking that language.
研究人員在被試者學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言3到6個(gè)月后對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，看他們記得如何。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)法的被試者在說(shuō)該門(mén)語(yǔ)言時(shí)，其腦電波與那些講母語(yǔ)的人類(lèi)似。
Professor Ullman says those who trained with the classroom method also became more native-like in their brain processing. But only the immersion group showed full native-like processing of the grammar. Still, he says teachers should be careful how they use the results of his study.
Ullman教授稱(chēng)，采用課堂教學(xué)法的被試者的大腦處理過(guò)程也變得更像母語(yǔ)人士。但只有浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)組在處理語(yǔ)法時(shí)同母語(yǔ)人士完全相同。不過(guò)，他說(shuō)，教師們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎采用他的研究結(jié)果。
MICHAEL ULLMAN: "You know I would not make any curriculum changes based on this. Nevertheless, it is suggestive, and I think it warrants further research to see whether in fact what kind of training might in fact be best not just for reaching the native brain bases but also for, you know, maximum proficiency in different aspects of language, like grammar, you know, syntax and lexicon. So I think further research is warranted. And it may be, for example, that a combination of classroom and immersion might be best. But we don't know that."
MICHAEL ULLMAN：“你知道我不會(huì)基于該研究結(jié)果做任何課程變化。然而，這是一種啟發(fā)。我認(rèn)為它值得進(jìn)一步研究，看看到底哪種教學(xué)法，不但對(duì)‘實(shí)現(xiàn)大腦母語(yǔ)人士化’，而且，你知道還對(duì)語(yǔ)言不同方面，像語(yǔ)法、句法和詞匯的能力最大化最為有利。因此，我認(rèn)為進(jìn)一步的研究是有必要的。結(jié)果可能是，例如說(shuō)，課堂和浸泡式學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合是最好的，但是我們并不知道。”
