1. “These are ready now”, and so saying, d’Urberville picked one and held it to her mouth．

【解析】so saying是現在分詞短語做伴隨狀況狀語。

這個現在分詞短語采用了倒裝結構，so+非謂語動詞（saying）。

2. She did not know as she smiled innocently at the flowers that behind the cigarette smoke was the cause of future sorrow in her life．

【解析】這是一個含有時間狀語從句的復合句，主句是：She did not know that behind the cigarette smoke was the cause of future sorrow in her life；時間狀語從句是：as she smiled innocently at the flowers。

在主句中又含有賓語從句：that behind the cigarette smoke was the cause of future sorrow in her life。

賓語從句采用了倒裝形式。是把介詞短語behind the cigarette放于句首，然后接謂語was，在接主語the cause of future sorrow in her life。這個倒裝結構是：介詞短語+系動詞+主語。

此外，future是修飾cause，in her life是修飾sorrow。

由于賓語從句長于時間狀語從句，就把時間狀語從句前置于主句中的謂語動詞“know”后，因為這個從句就是起著副詞的作用，修飾謂語動詞的。