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【For Smokers, Never Too Late to Quit; Diesel Exhaust and Cancer】
TEXT:This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)健康報(bào)道。
There is new medical evidence for the expression "better late than never." Researchers have found that smokers reduce their risk of dying from tobacco even if they stop smoking after the age of sixty.
新的醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)表明“遲到總比不到好”。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸煙者即使60歲后才停止吸煙，也能夠降低他們死于煙草的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Smoking is a known risk for many diseases, including many forms of cancer as well as heart disease. But most studies on the health effects of smoking involve middle-aged people.
吸煙是許多疾病的已知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括各種癌癥及心臟病。但大多數(shù)數(shù)吸煙對(duì)健康影響的研究涉及的都是中年人。
The latest analysis by German researchers examined the findings of seventeen studies carried out in the United States, China, Australia, Japan, England, Spain and France.
德國(guó)研究人員最新的分析研究對(duì)美國(guó)、中國(guó)、澳大利亞、日本、英國(guó)、西班牙和法國(guó)進(jìn)行的17項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行研究。
Smokers sixty and older had an eighty-three percent increased risk of dying from all causes compared to people who had never smoked. Smokers also had a thirty-four percent higher risk of death compared to former smokers.
與從未吸煙的人相比，60歲以上的吸煙者各類(lèi)原因致死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了83%。與前煙民相比，吸煙者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也高出34%。
T.H. Lam is professor in the school of public health at the University of Hong Kong. He says people who continue to smoke as seniors have at least a fifty percent chance of dying from their smoking habit.
T.H. Lam是香港大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的一名教授。他說(shuō)，老年人繼續(xù)吸煙至少有50%的幾率死于他們的吸煙習(xí)慣。
T.H. LAM: "And if they stop smoking, then they can reduce about one-quarter of their excess risk. So this is good news that older people should not continue to smoke."
T.H. LAM：“如果他們停止吸煙，那么他們能夠減少25%的額外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所以這是一個(gè)好消息，老年人不應(yīng)該繼續(xù)吸煙。”
What about smokers who start at a young age and stop when they are in their thirties? Dr. Lam says they can reduce their risk of dying from a smoking-related illness to almost the same level as someone who never smoked. Even people who never smoke can still die from breathing other people's secondhand smoke.
那些年輕時(shí)吸煙，三十多歲時(shí)戒煙的人呢？林博士說(shuō)，他們能夠?qū)⒆约核烙谖鼰熛嚓P(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低到和非煙民接近的水平。甚至從不吸煙的人仍會(huì)死于吸入其他人的二手煙。
An article on smoking among older individuals, with a commentary by T.H. Lam, appeared in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
一篇關(guān)于年長(zhǎng)者吸煙的文章經(jīng)由T.H. Lam評(píng)論后發(fā)表在《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》上。
In other news, the World Health Organization now says diesel fuel exhaust causes cancer. Since nineteen eighty-eight the WHO had rated exhaust from diesel engines as "probably carcinogenic" to humans. Now, it compares the risk to that of secondhand cigarette smoke.
其它消息，世界衛(wèi)生組織稱(chēng)，柴油廢氣會(huì)致癌。從1988年以來(lái)，世界衛(wèi)生組一直認(rèn)為柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣對(duì)人類(lèi)“可能致癌”。而現(xiàn)在，該組織將其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與二手煙煙霧進(jìn)行比較。
This month's announcement came after international experts spent a week reviewing new research findings. Those included a long-term study of more than twelve thousand miners who were heavily exposed to diesel exhaust.
本月的通告在國(guó)際專(zhuān)家對(duì)新研究進(jìn)行了一星期的審查后公布了出來(lái)。這些包括一份對(duì)1.2萬(wàn)多名大量接觸柴油廢氣的礦工的長(zhǎng)期研究。
The diesel industry pointed out that the mining study lacked exact data on exposure levels during its early years. Also, diesel engine makers point to their new designs that produce far less emissions than older truck and bus engines.
柴油業(yè)內(nèi)人士指出，該采礦業(yè)研究缺乏早年暴露水平的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)據(jù)。此外，柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造商指出，他們的新產(chǎn)品排放量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于老式卡車(chē)及客車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
The WHO says stronger standards are needed to limit diesel emissions into the air.
世衛(wèi)組織稱(chēng)，需要制定更嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限制柴油機(jī)排放到空氣中。
The United States Environmental Protection Agency continues to rate diesel as only a "likely" cause of cancer.
美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署仍然認(rèn)為，柴油只是致癌的一個(gè)“可能原因”。
