什么是我們應(yīng)該追求的翻譯的目標(biāo)？

      如何用科學(xué)的認(rèn)知策略去獲得良好的翻譯能力？

      英語學(xué)了這么多年，詞匯量累積到一定的程度，是不是就能做到很好的翻譯呢? 有沒有試著對(duì)比自己的譯文與原文，發(fā)覺自己只能勉強(qiáng)傳達(dá)表層的意思，在意境還原和形象再現(xiàn)上卻非常遜色？

        近日閑暇時(shí)讀完的這本小冊(cè)子，盡管是出自“休閑英語”叢書，在很多地方都讓人有茅塞頓開的感覺。在英漢翻譯中詞義選擇和定位的情景意識(shí)、整體結(jié)構(gòu)意識(shí)、形象思維的運(yùn)用以及形象化詞語的創(chuàng)造等方面更是感覺獲益非淺。

      （以下內(nèi)容摘自《貼切傳神搞翻譯》，鄭瓊?cè)缇幹�，世界圖書出版公司）

   英漢語言中都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。在英漢翻譯中，詞義選擇是一項(xiàng)非常重要的技巧。在詞義選擇中，我們追求的目標(biāo)不是機(jī)械的對(duì)等，而強(qiáng)調(diào)詞與概念之間的對(duì)等，強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯之后讓譯文讀者閱讀后獲得同等的感受。讓讀者感受到原文真正的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和氣氛意境。

      以good為例，基本概念是“好”，然而一旦與其他詞搭配，其意義變化實(shí)在太多。必須考慮到漢語的習(xí)慣說法，挑選合適的詞義表達(dá)。

      例如：The Captain of the jet came back, saluted and, in very good English, said to the President, “To Cario, Sir?”

      顯然，在這兒 good English 表示“純正的，流利的，漂亮的，地道的英語”。若機(jī)械地追求詞與詞的“對(duì)等”，譯成好英語，言下之意，英語語言的本身還有好與壞之分？

      所以，最好譯為： 噴氣機(jī)機(jī)長走過來，敬了個(gè)禮，并用非常漂亮的英語 問總統(tǒng)：“先生，去開羅嗎？”

      然而，在下面這句中“a good player”漢語中妥帖的說法應(yīng)是“高明的棋手”： He was told, when complaining that he could not follow Nasser's moves, that Nasser was a good chess player.

    現(xiàn)在試試下列 good 短語應(yīng)該怎么譯吧：

      1. Autumn was already in the air on the late afternoon when she decided to fish near the island. The good little pram purred across the water.

      2. “A good-humoured wine.” Pratt seemed to take pleasure in displaying his taste in wine, “benevolent and cheerful.”

      3. Bettie had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brothers was killed at Gettyburg, another taken prisoner.

      4. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I like to find good questions that students must struggle to answer.

      5. Yet, it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone-cutter curves over his bones; who is good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband.

參考答案:

1. Autumn was already in the air on the late afternoon when she decided to fish near the island. The good little pram purred across the water.
當(dāng)她決定在島上釣魚時(shí)，午后的天空正散發(fā)著秋天的味道，可愛的小船咕嚕咕嚕地穿過小河。(pram是什么來的？)
2. “A good-humoured wine.” Pratt seemed to take pleasure in displaying his taste in wine, “benevolent and cheerful.”
“最棒的漢姆酒。”Pratt看起來很享受酒的滋味：“仁愛的，令人鼓舞的。”
3. Bettie had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brothers was killed at Gettyburg, another taken prisoner.
貝蒂有理由去憎恨內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。她的兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)戰(zhàn)死在蓋茨堡，另一個(gè)被俘。
4. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I like to find good questions that students must struggle to answer.
這個(gè)世界充滿了對(duì)錯(cuò)誤問題的正確解答，但是教學(xué)過程中，我喜歡去發(fā)現(xiàn)那些必須讓學(xué)生們絞盡腦汁去回答的好問題。
5. Yet, it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone-cutter curves over his bones; who is good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband.
雖然一個(gè)人離開人世的事有時(shí)發(fā)生，但是他對(duì)骨頭上的石切曲線的貢獻(xiàn)還是值得嘉獎(jiǎng)。他是一名優(yōu)秀的基督教徒，孩子，妻子以及丈夫。