高級口譯翻譯部分學習[2]

1、漢譯英時思考的基本單位是漢語的段落
漢語的思維邏輯定勢是螺旋式的,常常有跳躍和迂回。其次,漢語的句子通常較短,說明同一事物常常用數個短句從數個方面和角度展開。但是通常一個段落只有一個主題思想,這一點和英語是一致的。所以漢譯英時以段落為單位統籌規劃,選擇設計能包容所有思想點,既不太大,又不太小,并且符合英語思維邏輯的英語句子結構把原文的意思表達出來
2、漢譯英時要注意選擇和設計好的英語句子結構
如前所述,漢語的邏輯關系主要靠約定俗成的語言排列順序。好多情況下前言后語的邏輯關系是隱性的,不是靠邏輯關聯詞連接的。漢譯英時,首先要看破這種邏輯關系,并思考英語里可以表達這些邏輯關系的手段,最后確定可以表達這些關系的英語結構把意思翻譯出來。落筆書寫英語句子時要抓住四個關鍵:結構、選詞、時態、單復數。設計好的英語句子結構最關鍵,其次是選擇合適的詞放到句子結構中去,同時還要注意動詞時態(因為漢語沒有時態),并注意動詞形式、代詞和名詞的單復數必須前后一致(這是因為漢語單復數不太講究的緣故)。請看翻譯實例。
例一:
上海航空公司自1985年成立的第一天起,就把保證飛行安全視作自己的生命線。八年
來,安全飛行無事故。上航的每一位職工為之驕傲,上航的機務人員更是倍受鼓舞。為了讓飛機始終處于最佳狀態,多少個日日夜夜,他們在停機坪上加班加點,連續奮戰,以嚴謹務實的精神,開拓進取的氣概為安全飛行作出了自己的貢獻。(摘自《上海航空》1993年第六期總第而十二期第2頁)
原譯:Since the inception of Shanghai Airlines in 1985, it is lifeline to guarantee safety flight. SAL's staff and maintenance persons take pride in the record of safety flight to keep for 8 years, and it also inspires them. On apron SAL's maintenance persons day and night have done extra work and have hard worked so as to enable the airplanes to be in best condition. They, with serious as well as steady spirit and endeavor, make greater contributions to safety flight.
改譯: The Shanghai Airlines have been regarding it their lifeline to ensure the safety of flight ever since their establishment in 1985. They have kept the record of zero accident for the past eight years, in which all the staff take great pride, and by which all the mechanical maintenance personnel are particularly inspired for it recalls to them the so many days and nights when they had to stay on the apron to do overtime work to keep the airplanes in best conditions. These maintenance personnel have made great contributions to the safety of flight through their pioneering spirit and strict perseverant work.
分析:原譯的失誤根源在于沒有將漢語的段落作為翻譯時思考的基本單位,不能看破漢語各思想點之間的邏輯關系并選用合適的英語結構來表達。而是以漢語句子為單位一句句硬譯,不管英語的語言邏輯和語法通不通。
例二:
泰山為中國五岳之首,素有“天下第一山”之稱。她集麗、幽、妙、奧、曠於一景,繪人、文、山、水、木於一圖,宛如一座巨大的歷史與藝術的天然博物館
登游泰山是數千年來炎黃子孫的宿愿。多少帝王君主曾在此封禪設祭,文人墨客在此吟哦題詠,善男信女在此尋求神佑,尋常百姓在此暢游舒懷。
泰山之游,其樂無窮。
(摘自《上海航空》1993年第六期總第而十二期第31頁)
原譯:As natural museum of history and art. Mount Tai is the head of five famous Mount in China, called as first Mount.
To visit Mount Tai has been Chinese wish for thousands years. At Mount Tai many emperors held the sacrifice offerings, poets wrote the poems, superstitious persons blest and common people traveled.
To visit Mount Tai is happiest.
改譯:Listed at the top of the five famous mountains of China, the Taishan Mountain has long been enjoying the reputation of “the first mountain under the heaven.” Combining beauty, calm, wonder, mystery and grandeur in one sc
