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=====精彩回顧===
希臘為何有那么多債務(wù)
Greece is currently about 400 billion dollars in debt. That’s about 170% of their annual Gross Domestic Product. Over the next 50 years they are scheduled to repay that debt. But with the economy in shambles, many experts wonder if that goal is really attainable. But how did Greece end up with so much debt in the first place? And to whom, specifically, does Greece owe money?
希臘目前負(fù)債大約4000億。這是其國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的1.7倍。他們計(jì)劃在未來(lái)50年的時(shí)間內(nèi)償還這些債務(wù)。但是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰，許多專家懷疑這一目標(biāo)是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。問(wèn)題是，希臘為何欠了這么多債務(wù)？他們的債權(quán)人是誰(shuí)？
Greece became somewhat politically and economically unstable back in the 1970s after an attempted government coup. Nevertheless, after a profit spike in the 1990s, they met the fiscal requirements to join the Eurozone, in the year 2000. This event inextricably tied Greece to stronger economies like Germany and France, and allowed Grecians more access to low-interest loans. So, public spending and government borrowing soared, even as Greece’s debt remained higher than the Eurozone average in the 2000s.
上世紀(jì)70年代，一場(chǎng)軍事政變陰謀之后，希臘在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面開(kāi)始動(dòng)蕩。然而，90年代經(jīng)歷了利潤(rùn)飆升之后，2000年，希臘達(dá)到了加入歐盟的財(cái)政標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使希臘不可避免地與德國(guó)，法國(guó)等更強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體聯(lián)系起來(lái)，讓希臘人獲得了更多低利率貸款。所以，公共支出和政府借貸大幅增加，2000年以后，希臘的債務(wù)仍然高于歐盟平均水平。
When the international Recession of 2008 hit, Greece spiraled into a debt crisis. To make matters worse, in 2009, it was revealed that Greece had been falsifying reports on their debt for years. When the real statistics were exposed, their national credit rating took a plunge,which in turn, caused investors to jack up interest rates. Greece has been on the brink of bankruptcy ever since. German Chancellor Angela Merkel later said that “[Europe] should not have accepted Greece into the eurozone”.
2008年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退來(lái)襲，希臘陷入債務(wù)危機(jī)。讓形勢(shì)更加糟糕的是，2009年，據(jù)披露希臘多年來(lái)債務(wù)報(bào)告造假。真實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)暴露之后，他們的國(guó)家信譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)大幅下滑，導(dǎo)致投資者提高利率。自那時(shí)以來(lái)，希臘面臨破產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)。德國(guó)總理默克爾隨后表示，歐洲原本不應(yīng)該接納希臘加入歐元區(qū)。
Out of the roughly 320 billion dollars in bailout money that Greece must eventually pay back, most of it, or about 47%, is due to the European Financial Stability Facility.
在希臘必須償還的大約3200億美元救助款之中，其中大部分，或者47%，是欠歐洲金融穩(wěn)定基金的。
This is a temporary organization created by Eurozone members to pool money together and help stabilize member countries in crisis. Greece, Portugal and Ireland are the primary recipients of the EFSF. 19% of Greece’s debt is held by other Eurozone Governments. Another 12% is held by private investors. And the rest - about 22% - is held by the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and “treasury bill holders”,who are primarily Greek banks.
這是歐元區(qū)成員國(guó)成立的臨時(shí)組織，旨在籌集資金，幫助穩(wěn)定陷入危機(jī)的成員國(guó)。希臘，葡萄牙和愛(ài)爾蘭是EFSF最早的受領(lǐng)者。希臘債務(wù)19%的債權(quán)歸歐元區(qū)其他政府所有。另外12%由私有投資者所有。剩余的大約22%由歐洲中央銀行，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和國(guó)庫(kù)券持有者所有，主要是希臘銀行。
Yet, after all the financial help, Greece remains in trouble. The unemployment rate for those aged 15 to 24 is at 55%. Further, budget cuts are so unpopular that they have led to riots and protests. Meanwhile Greece and other European Governments are locked in heated dispute as to whether Greece should or even COULD make more financial reforms.
然而，盡管接受了諸多財(cái)政幫助，希臘仍然沒(méi)有擺脫困境。15歲至24歲之間年輕人的失業(yè)率高達(dá)55%。此外，預(yù)算削減非常不受民眾歡迎，導(dǎo)致暴動(dòng)和抗議活動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，希臘和其他歐洲政府激烈爭(zhēng)論希臘是否或者能否進(jìn)行更多財(cái)政改革。
Germany, and France, who have invested nearly 115 billion dollars in the country, don’t want to see Greece default on its debt, but they are also refusing to give Greece another bailout.
在希臘投資近1150億美元的德國(guó)和法國(guó)不想看到希臘債務(wù)違約，但是他們也拒絕再次為希臘提供救助。
During the next half century, Greece needs to stimulate its economy while decreasing government spending. In the end, most experts agree that Greece will not be allowed to go bankrupt. The financial loss for other Western countries, including the United States, would be too great, and could potentially create another international recession.
未來(lái)半個(gè)世紀(jì)，希臘需要刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，同時(shí)削減政府支出。最終，大部分專家贊同國(guó)際社會(huì)不允許希臘破產(chǎn)。包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的其他西方國(guó)家的財(cái)政損失將會(huì)非常巨大，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致又一場(chǎng)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。
