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哪些國家最注重教育質量
Over the past few years, the United States and other western countries have seen a trend of teachers quitting their jobs. Among their chief complaints is an overwhelming focus
on standardized testing, and the feeling that their professional opinions are ignored. Perhaps as a result, the US was 29th in the most recent rankings of countries by education. So we wanted to know, which countries have the best education, and what are they doing right?
過去幾年，美國和其他西方國家見證了教師離職潮。他們最經常抱怨的就是過度注重標準化測試，以及自己的專業意見被忽視的感覺。因此，美國在最近的教育質量排名中排在第29位。那么，我們想要知道，哪些國家有著最好的教育質量？他們在哪些方面做得比較好？
In 2015, the OECD released a report on Universal Basic Skills, including one of the largest global education rankings. A substantial portion of the ranking is based on an international assessment of reading, mathematics, and science literacy, called PISA. Now, since the year 2000, Finland has topped most international education lists, especially based on PISA scores. But this year’s ranking, places Finland sixth worldwide. And while that’s partially the result of declining Finish test scores, it is much more so because a number of East Asian countries have come to dominate the list.
2015年，經合組織發表了通用基本技能報告，其中包括最大的全球教育質量排名。排名的絕大部分是基于國際閱讀，數學和科學技能評估，稱為“國際學生評價項目”。自2000年以來，芬蘭在國際教育排名中一直排在首位，尤其是以PISA分數為標準的項目。但是在今年的排名中，芬蘭排在世界第六位。部分原因是芬蘭考試分數的下降，更主要的是由于東亞一些國家開始占據榜單前列。
In fact, all top five countries are located in and around East Asia: Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. And they’re all relatively wealthy nations, who share
similar views on education. Succeeding in school is culturally stressed as a priority,and has an enormous impact on future prospects.This leads to intense competition, and subsequently higher overall scores. But in contrast to less effective education systems, these top ranking countries heavily invest in their teachers. For example, number one ranked Singapore is known for providing bonuses to well performing teachers, and attracts qualified instructors with competitive salaries.
實際上，排在前五位的國家都位于東亞和東亞周邊：新加坡，香港，韓國，日本和臺灣。這些相對來說都是比較富裕的國家，持有類似的教育理念。從文化傳統來講，在學校取得成功是首要任務，對未來的發展有著巨大的影響。這導致激烈的競爭和越來越高的分數。但是與其他效率較低的教育體系相比，這些排名靠前的國家在教室方面加大了投資力度。例如，排名第一的新加坡為教學能力高的老師提供獎金，用有競爭力的薪水吸引有資格的導師。
And as a number of Asian countries continue to see rapid economic growth, having a strong education system is integral to future economic success. Looking at the far end of education rankings, Ghana had the lowest secondary school enrollment rate of countries surveyed, as well as the lowest PISA scores. The OECD has predicted that if Ghana could meet universal basic skill goals, they could see their GDP rise 38 times higher over the lifetime of a child born today. They also point out that when a nation’s population is uneducated,it equates to lost economic output, and can lead to a permanent economic recession as a result.
隨著幾個亞洲國家經濟的快速發展，擁有強大的教育體系對于未來的經濟成功是必不可少的。而位于教育質量排名底端的國家中，加納的初中入學率在所有受調查國家中是最低的，其PISA分數也最低。經合組織預測，如果加納能夠滿足通用基本技能的目標，今天出生的嬰兒一生的時間內，他們的GDP將增加38倍。他們還指出，當一個國家的人口沒有受過教育的時候，相當于失去了經濟產值，導致永久性的經濟衰退。
Additionally, in countries like the UK, one in five children finish school without a basic level of education. Similarly in the US, around two-thirds of nine and ten year olds cannot yet read at their grade level. Some point to an emphasis on “repetitive rote learning”, rather than actual education. This is often the difference between hands on instruction,and standardized test-based goals. The latter has shown to fail both students and teachers.
此外，在英國等國家，五分之一的孩子畢業時沒有基本的教育水平。類似的，在美國，大約三分之二的九歲和十歲的孩子沒有達到這個年齡應具備的教育水平。一些人指出，這是因為學校強調“重復機械學習”，而不是真正的教育。這就是動手能力和標準化應試教育之間的區別。后者導致老師和學生都存在失敗。
Education is one of the most important criteria for determining the present and future health of a nation. And while not every country has the resources or cultural emphasis for successful modes of teaching, it is clear that governments should be treating education as an extremely high priority.
教育是衡量一個國家現在和未來健康狀況最重要的標準之一。盡管并不是每一個國家都有相應的資源或者強調成功的教學模式，很明顯，政府應該將教育視為第一要務。
