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=====精彩回顧===
敘利亞難民會威脅美國安全嗎？
Following the recent Paris attacks, an investigation is currently underway to determine if one of the Paris attackers posed as a refugee to gain entrance through Greece. Fearing the same might happen across the Pacific, more than half of all US governors, have called on the Obama administration to stop providing asylum to Syrian refugees. But is this a legitimate concern? What is the vetting process like for refugees seeking asylum in The United States?
最近的巴黎襲擊案之后，目前正在進行調查，確定巴黎襲擊案一名兇犯是否通過希臘入境的難民。擔心同樣的悲劇在太平洋彼岸上演，超過一半的美國州長呼吁奧巴馬政府停止為敘利亞難民提供收容。但是這種擔憂合理嗎？難民在美國尋求收容的審批程序是怎樣的？
Well, currently the US has stated that it will accept 185,000 refugees total in the next two years. This includes refugees from all over the world, so the effective number of Syrian refugees is much smaller. Since the war broke out, the US has only accepted about 1800 Syrian refugees. Though the Obama administration did state that it intends to
admit an additional 10,000 in 2016. Of those that have already been admitted, half, are children… only 2% are single males of combat age. Now, this is not to say that terrorists only fit a certain demographic profile. But, rather to paint the picture that the vast majority of those admitted do fit the profile of those most vulnerable: children and the elderly, together make up two thirds of the group.
目前，美國聲明將在未來兩年接收18.5萬名難民。包括來自世界各地的難民，所以他們接收的敘利亞難民的有效數量要少得多。自戰爭爆發以來，美國只接收了大約1800名難民。然而，奧巴馬政府確實聲明他們準備在2016年接收額外的1萬名難民。在其中已被收容的人中，一半的難民是兒童。只有2%的人是適合年齡參加戰斗的單身男性。現在，這并不是說恐怖分子只是特定年齡段的人。但是，如果要繪制出難民的年齡段的圖表，被接收的難民大部分都是弱勢的老人和兒童，大約占難民群體總數的三分之二。
But before they set foot on the US, asylum seekers must go through a lengthy and detailed process. Syrian refugees must first file with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which then hands applications off to the Department of Homeland Security in the US. Then the department works with multiple law enforcement agencies which all together conduct multiple screenings, in-person interviews abroad, and collect data on the person’s history, employment, reasons for leaving, and more. Many argue the process is robust.
但是在他們踏上美國國土之前，尋求收容者必須經過一個漫長繁瑣的過程。敘利亞難民必須向聯合國難民事務高級專員申訴，后者向美國國土安全局遞交申請。國土安全局與不同的執法部門一起進行多方面審查，海外親自面簽，收集此人過去的歷史，雇傭情況，出境原因以及其他。許多人辯稱該過程非常健全。
Though others have concerns. FBI Director James Comey states, “My concern there is that there are certain gaps...in the data available to us. We can only query against that which we have collected. And so if someone has never made a ripple in the pond in Syria...nothing [will] show up because we have no record of them.” The collection of information is further complicated because the US does not have a permanent diplomatic presence in Syria and Syria’s departments cannot be relied on for information. This may help explain why the US takes additional security measures with Syrian refugees.
然而其他人則有一些憂慮。聯邦調查局局長詹姆斯·科米說，“我擔憂的是，我們收集到的數據存在一些空白。我們只能質疑我們收集到的數據。如果某人從未在敘利亞掀起什么波瀾，那我們就沒有他的任何信息，因為我們沒有關于他的記錄。”由于美國在敘利亞沒有永久性的外交部門，敘利亞相關部門在信息收集方面并不可靠，導致收集信息更加困難。這或許解釋了為何美國需要對敘利亞難民采取額外的安全措施。
This vetting process takes about two years and it can take up to three years after submitting an application before a refugee steps foot on US soil. Which is why some argue that pretending to be an asylum seeker would not be an efficient tactic for terrorists.Thus, some see the vocal opposition from politicians as less about security concerns and more about pandering to a political constituency, as The Washington Post columnist Chris Cillizza suggested. Most governors wishing to halt asylum belong to the Republican Party. Yet others intimate that the response is emotional - not strategic. As one governor put it, “This is very much about the fact that 9/11 is too close in our memory.” But, aside from its government representatives, the American people as a whole will ultimately form the communities that refugees will become a part of. It is they who will be left to grapple with relying more heavily on memories of tragedy or memories of the country’s immigrant roots when greeting these newcomers. One country that is taking in refugees and newcomers with open arms, is Germany.
該審批程序可能需要兩年的時間，遞交申請后需要三年的時間，難民可能才能踏上美國國土。所以有些人辯稱假裝尋求收容者對恐怖分子來說并不是有效的戰略。因此，一些人看到政客們直言不諱的反對，稱這不是關于安全憂患的問題，而是煽動政治選區的舉動，就像華盛頓郵報專欄作家Chris Cillizza的說法。大部分希望停止收容的州長屬于共和黨。然而其他人則暗示，他們的反應過于情緒化，而不是戰略性的。就像一位州長說的，“主要是因為我們記憶中的9.11恐怖襲擊猶如昨日。”但是，除了政府代表之外，難民最終會成為美國社區的一部分。他們與新來的人打招呼時會更依賴災難的記憶和國家移民根源的記憶。其中一個積極收容難民的國家是德國。
