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為何日本人以自殺為榮
Japan’s attitude toward suicide is more complex than most. Like other nations, suicide rates are affected by mental health issues,economic decline and of course, cultural influences.But what is different about Japan is the persistent notion that suicide is a way to preserve a family’s honor.
日本對待自殺的態度比大部分國家更加令人費解。像其他國家一樣，自殺率受精神健康狀況，經濟下滑影響，當然也和文化影響有關。但是日本與眾不同的是，自殺是保存家族名譽的一種方式。
Dying with honor is a concept from 12th Century Japan. The military class known as the Samurai,would perform the act of seppuku or "stomach-cutting".Seppuku was a ritual suicide that was considered a last resort in battle to avoid falling into the hands of enemies. By and large the act of ritual suicide faded with Samurai culture and the practice was even outlawed in the late 19th century.
“光榮地死去”是12世紀日本一個理念。日本武士會切腹自盡。切腹自盡是戰爭中為了避免落入敵人手中的最后的辦法?？偟膩碚f，這種切腹自盡的傳統隨著武士道文化消失了。到了19世紀末期，這種行為甚至被宣布為非法。
That was until World War Two, when Japan’s Imperial government resurrected many ideas from the Samurai’s ethos known as Bushido,putting particular emphasis on the virtues of militarized suicide attack. Perhaps the most famous of these attacks were orchestrated by Kamikaze pilots who flew their planes into Allied ships.
直到第二次世界大戰，日本帝國政府從武士道中復蘇了許多思想，重點強調了軍隊自殺襲擊的本質?；蛟S最著名的這種襲擊就是神風突擊隊隊員駕駛飛機前往盟軍船只的自殺式襲擊。
Seppuku also reemerged in modern times. In 1970, a world renowned Japanese writer named Yukio Mishima, protested the westernization of Japan by committing seppuku. He delivered a speech on top of a military building in Tokyo and then plunged a sword into his own stomach.
現代切腹自盡也開始崛起。1970年，世界著名的日本作家三島由紀夫切腹自盡來抗議日本的西方化。他在東京軍方建筑上發表了講話，然后揮劍自盡。
So, how much of this history affects modern day Japan? Well, "The most common factor behind suicide in Japan is depression caused by a failure to cope with [social pressure], either because of poverty or the demands of work".Though it is still accepted that Japan’s romanticized view of suicide plays a significant role.
那么，這段歷史對現代日本有什么樣的影響呢？“在日本，自殺最常見的原因就是應對社會壓力失敗導致的抑郁，或者由于貧困或者要求工作?！比欢?，日本浪漫化的自殺觀念仍然被認為發揮著重要作用。
While Seppuku isn’t practiced any more, the idea of dying honorably has evolved in parallel to the stresses of modern-day Japan. A large percentage of suicides are inseki-jisatsu or "responsibility-driven" suicides, whereby those who end their lives hope to clear their debts through a life insurance payout, alleviating any burden on family left behind. And in Japan,looking after your family as your final act,is likely to be perceived as dying with honor.
盡管不再切腹自盡，然而光榮的死去的想法仍然隨著現代日本的壓力而進化。大量自殺是由于責任導致的，結束自己生命的人希望通過人壽保險來償還債務，減輕家人的負擔。在日本，這種最后的保護家人的行為可能就被認為是光榮地死去。
