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日常產(chǎn)品背后匪夷所思的科學(xué)事實(shí)
咖啡因?yàn)楹文苷駣^精神
Millions of Americans use caffeinated beverages every day as a pick me up.
數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人每天都飲用咖啡因飲料來(lái)振作精神。
It is after all the world's most popular drug and with new caffeine infused products like energy drinks, gum and even beef jerky hitting the shelves,our love affair with caffeine shows absolutely no signs of slowing down.Caffeine is an interesting drug because when enters the body it breaks up into three different yet very similar molecules.
咖啡因畢竟是世界上最受歡迎的藥物，而且現(xiàn)在還推出了加入咖啡因的產(chǎn)品，比如能量飲料，口香糖甚至牛肉干，我們與咖啡因的情緣沒(méi)有任何減退的跡象。咖啡因是一種很有趣的藥物，因?yàn)檫M(jìn)入人體時(shí)它會(huì)分解成三種不同，但是非常相似的分子。
When metabolized in the liver, enzymes chisel off one of three methyl groups to form these three metabolites with three different effects on your body:Theobromine. Paraxanthine. Theopylline.
在肝臟中新陳代謝的時(shí)候，酶鑿掉三個(gè)甲基中的一個(gè)，形成對(duì)身體有著三種不同效果的三種代謝產(chǎn)物：可可堿，1，7-二甲基黃嘌呤和茶堿。
While in the brain, this caffeine party crashes adenosine receptors blocking the normal guest,adenosine from doing its job.
在大腦中的時(shí)候，這些咖啡因產(chǎn)物與腺甙受體碰撞，阻止正常的客體腺苷發(fā)生作用。
Adenosine is responsible for slowing down your back giving our brains giving us the cue to calm down and take a nap.
腺苷負(fù)責(zé)減緩背部向大腦發(fā)送平靜下來(lái)，小睡一會(huì)兒的暗號(hào)。
Also adenosine is responsible for regulating neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine.
腺苷還負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)控大腦中的神經(jīng)傳遞素，比如多巴胺。
As you can see, adenosine is also quite similar to caffeine in structure, which is why caffeine binds so easily to the adenosine protein receptors.
你可以看到，腺苷在結(jié)構(gòu)方面與咖啡因非常相似，這也是咖啡因如此容易和腺苷蛋白質(zhì)受體結(jié)合的原因。
Once connected, caffeine increases the activity in neurotransmitters like dopamine ultimately leading to heightened brain activity.
一旦結(jié)合，咖啡因會(huì)增加在多巴胺等神經(jīng)傳遞素中的活動(dòng)，最終導(dǎo)致大腦活動(dòng)增加。
Then the three metabolites perform their own specific functions.
然后，三種代謝產(chǎn)物發(fā)揮自己的功能。
Theobromine increases oxygen and nutrient flow to the brain.
可可堿增加氧氣和營(yíng)養(yǎng)向大腦的流動(dòng)。
Paraxanthine enhances your body's athletic performance by increasing the rate a fat breakdown to fuel muscle activity.
1，7-二甲基黃嘌呤加速脂肪的分解，為肌肉活動(dòng)提供燃料，從而增強(qiáng)身體的運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)。
Theopylline increase your heart rate and reinforces your ability to concentrate.
茶堿增強(qiáng)心率，讓你更加集中精力。
And although these effects come together to produce a state of wakefulness,too much caffeine can turn sour pretty quick.
盡管所有這些效果結(jié)合起來(lái)會(huì)讓你達(dá)到清醒狀態(tài)，過(guò)多咖啡因很快就會(huì)讓你的身體感到疲憊。
At higher doses caffeine is known to cause jitters, anxiety and just general all-around
discomfort.
過(guò)量咖啡會(huì)造成顫抖，焦慮和全身不適。
For this reason scientists have found four hundred milligrams is the safest average dose of caffeine for adults.
由于這個(gè)原因，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，平均400毫克是最安全的劑量。
To put that into perspective, that'll be around three eight-ounce cups of coffee,five eight-ounce Red Bulls or a whopping eight cups black tea.
為了更好地理解，也就是大約3杯八盎司每杯的咖啡，5瓶八盎司每瓶的紅牛和8杯紅茶。
And on a side note site it’s also found that caffeine becomes toxic around 10 grams,which works out to be about seventy five cups of coffee, or 180 cups black tea.
另外，科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)達(dá)到10克的時(shí)候，咖啡因就會(huì)產(chǎn)生毒害作用，也就是大約75杯咖啡，或者180杯紅茶。
However, in the lethal limit does vary widely from person to person.
然而，致命量因人而異。
Hey thanks for watching folks.
感謝收看本期節(jié)目。
