（2） “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”

兩個定語從句：as we call it 放在先行詞the scientific revolution之前翻譯
that expanded…… 分譯

contends：如果不認識，可以翻譯成“說”，因為前后都有引號

譯文：新學派的一位領導人認為：“簡而言之，我們所謂的科技革命，在很大程度上是指一系列工具的改進、發明和使用，這些改進、發明和使用在各個方面都拓展了科學范圍”。
“名詞+介詞+名詞+定語從句”：定語從句99％用來修飾第一個名詞”

注意：
1、定語從句的翻譯方法

(1)合譯：把定語從句放到被修飾詞之前

(2)分譯：定語從句單成一句，先行詞重復一下

2、定語從句先行詞判斷方法（并非100％適用）

（1）、He opposed some proposals for opening the economy, like starting a stock market, that were embraced only after he lost power.

先找名詞，再根據定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數判斷先行詞的單復數，則先行詞為“proposals”

譯文：他反對某些開放經濟的提議，如創建股票市場，這些提議只有在他下臺之后，才被人們所接受。

（2）、It assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

根據定語從句謂語動詞單復數，易于判斷which引導的從句用語修飾account，此處account表示講述、評論。
譯文：他假定人們對人權有一個統一的看法，而這種看法根本就不存在。

（3）、這所大學的任務是培養德智體全面發展，能熟練運用外語從事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。

翻譯時先找主干：這所大學的任務是培養人才(The university aims to turn out qualified graduates )。

譯文：The university aims to turn out qualified graduates that are all-roundly/well developed in morality, intellect and physique, and that are able to use proficiently foreign languages in foreign affairs and cultural exchanges.

翻譯詞要根據具體情況，如“文明”一詞，文明小區“model”；講文明“politesse, manners”；

（4）漢語中的題型“……是……”

兩種方法：“……，which……”或“it is……”

謀求和平與發展、加強對話與合作，是各國人民的普遍愿望。

It is the universal wish of all the nations to achieve peace and development and strengthen dialogues and cooperations.

鞏固與東盟面向和平與繁榮的戰略伙伴關系，推進互利互惠的全方位合作，是中國將長期堅持的基本外交政策。

China shall consolidate its strategic partnership with the ASEAN in the direction of peace and prosperity, and promote mutually benefiting cooperation in an all-round manner, which is China’s long-term and basic foreign policy.