五、2002年3月份真題

（一）英譯漢

背景知識(shí)：美國(guó)基金會(huì)于20世紀(jì)早期產(chǎn)生，產(chǎn)生原因如下
（1）經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，富裕
（2）信仰
（3）稅收制度――遺產(chǎn)稅

注：世界基金會(huì)排名首位：比爾蓋茨及夫人創(chuàng)建，150億美元

1、Foundations are tax- free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions.

（1）包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾institutions和activities
（2）that are created to遇見(jiàn)“被動(dòng)”轉(zhuǎn)化為“主動(dòng)”
（3）support for中support為名詞

2、They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes.

（1）for等同于because

3、From a small beginning at the turn of the century, they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts.

（1）at the turn of the century本世紀(jì)初（20世紀(jì)）

4、Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines.

（1）Think tanks智囊團(tuán)

5、In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community.

（1）devote one’s time to投身于、獻(xiàn)身于
（2）定語(yǔ)從句另成一句
（3）daily routine例行之事

6、Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy- formation groups.

（1）they指代“專家”

注意：“政府協(xié)議”指為科研人員、科研機(jī)構(gòu)提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的協(xié)議

（二）漢譯英

1、家長(zhǎng)會(huì)完全符合“廉政建設(shè)”的要求，與會(huì)的家長(zhǎng)絕不會(huì)像參加行業(yè)、單位的一些會(huì)議，先看看會(huì)議地點(diǎn)是不是設(shè)在風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)，會(huì)后發(fā)不發(fā)紀(jì)念品之類，然后方?jīng)Q定是否參加。

（1）斷句，分成兩句翻譯

（2）“廉政建設(shè)”：building an honest and clean government
如果不會(huì)翻譯，可以考慮正反翻譯法

（3）“完全符合”in line with

（4）“家長(zhǎng)會(huì)”the parents’ meeting

PTA：Parent-Teacher Association

（5）第二句翻譯時(shí)注意句序調(diào)整：“與會(huì)的家長(zhǎng)在決定是否參加之前，……”

（6）紀(jì)念品：gifts

（7）行業(yè)：industry

2、其他會(huì)議都難得準(zhǔn)時(shí)，惟有家長(zhǎng)會(huì)絕對(duì)正點(diǎn)召開(kāi)。

（1）“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”與“正點(diǎn)”意思相近，翻譯時(shí)不要重復(fù)，如：on time；punctual，翻譯時(shí)，可以考慮正反翻譯法，入：never delay

3、在家長(zhǎng)會(huì)上，家長(zhǎng)們個(gè)個(gè)全神貫注地傾聽(tīng)、記錄，生怕漏掉一點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。

（1）記錄：take notes
（2）全神貫注地: attentively
（3）for fear that 生怕
（4）漏掉：miss

4、不少會(huì)議都可列入可開(kāi)可不開(kāi)之列，但對(duì)于學(xué)校和家長(zhǎng)而言，家長(zhǎng)會(huì)則是必不可少的。

（1）必不可少：necessary或 indispensable

注意：（1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整
（2）正反翻譯轉(zhuǎn)化

六、2002年9月份真題

（一）英譯漢

1、If the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) thinks it can largely curtail the nation’s terrorism problems by focusing on college students, we all should worry.

（1）INS 移民歸化局

（2）小知識(shí)：1882年美國(guó)通過(guò)排華法案。長(zhǎng)達(dá)61年，美國(guó)大門(mén)向中國(guó)關(guān)閉。

2、Identification cards already are required here for most persons to enter their workplace, take an airplane flight or go into a public building, including my campus library. The idea of a national ID, however, was knocked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non- citizens carry identifying documents. In some degree, they have a point.

（1）Identification cards:內(nèi)涵上身份證并不等同與任何可以表明你身份的證件，在美國(guó)有兩個(gè)：passport 和 driver license

（二）漢譯英

1、這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞、更舒適了。

（1）嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)病句，應(yīng)在“最直接的”后＋“體現(xiàn)”

“體現(xiàn)”：reflect；show

（2）實(shí)現(xiàn)：achievement

（3）老百姓：the public

2、屆時(shí)，上海人均住房面積將會(huì)大幅增加。除此之外，老百姓的服務(wù)性消費(fèi)，如教育、信息、旅游等消費(fèi)也會(huì)大量增長(zhǎng)。

（1）大幅、大量：greatly； by a large margin

增加、增長(zhǎng)：increase，grow，go up