3) role of the U.S. in WWI

at the beginning of the war, Wilson said American policy was neutrality, But in fact it pursued a policy of pro-Ally(支持同盟國) partiality. American declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.The Peace Conference,the Paris Conference,began on January 18,1919.The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany,Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations.The result of the Paris Conference was the emergence of the Versailles Treaty System in Europe.

戰(zhàn)爭初期，威爾遜聲明美國中立，但事實上采用了親同盟國的偏狹政策。美國于1917年4.6對德宣戰(zhàn)。1919.1.18,巴黎和會召開，這個會議實質(zhì)上是瓜分德國，奧匈帝國，奧斯曼帝國殖民地，盡可能掠奪戰(zhàn)敗國的會議。巴黎和會的結(jié)果是歐洲凡爾賽條約體系的出現(xiàn)。

4)characteristics of the 1920s

The 1920s in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.the war changed the U.S. from a debtor nation into a creditor. There was further urbanization, new development of technology and mass production. The 1920s in the U.S. has been described as a period of material success and spiritual frustration. More people had cars. The government gave help to industry and business. There existed a highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism. There was the Red Scare in 1919 and 1920. There was the revival of the Ku Klux Klan(三K黨反動組織復活)which claimed a membership of 5 million.

20世紀20年代的美國被很多歷史學家描繪成一個物質(zhì)豐厚而精神崩潰和迷惘的年代。戰(zhàn)爭將美國從債務國變成債權(quán)國。進一步的都市化，技術(shù)和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)有了新的發(fā)展。更多的人有了車。政府給予工業(yè)和商業(yè)幫助。產(chǎn)生了一種激進、偏狹的民族主義。一是1919-1920的‘紅色恐怖’；三K黨的復興，宣布已有5百萬黨員。

5)the Great Depression(1929-1937) and the New Deal 大蕭條和新政

①no regulation or control over various kinds of investment companies.The banking system lacked stability. stock market speculation（股票市場投機）and over expansion of credit.(借貸過度膨脹)stock market crash (1929): America’s stock market crash came on October 24,1929, called the black Thursday 沒有對各種投資公司調(diào)節(jié)與控制。銀行系統(tǒng)缺乏穩(wěn)定性。股票市場的投機與信貸過度膨脹。股票崩盤：1929.10.24，被稱為黑色星期四。

②the gross national product(GNP) shrank(收縮) from $87 billion in 1929 to $41 billion in 1933. the unemployed went up; Misery and personal sufferings were widespread.國民生產(chǎn)總值從1929年的870億降到1933年的410億美元。失業(yè)率增加，不幸和痛苦到處可見。