6)Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal

①Roosevelt became the U.S. president in 1932. He had a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible. He was a great communicator, able to talk to people in all walks of life. His “fireside chats”over the radio were listened to by millions of people.羅斯福于1932年成為美國總統，他能準確辨別什么是現實的或可行的。他是一個偉大的交際者，能夠和各界人事談的來。他通過無線電播出的“爐邊談話”擁有數百萬的聽眾。

②the New Deal: Measure of the New Deal include establishment and strengthening of government regulation and control of banking; Federal government management of relief and security system（社會救濟保障體系）; recovery of industry and agriculture; passage of federal labour laws; improvement of the situation of minorities and members of certain religious groups.These measures,was to “save American democracy”.and help overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.新經濟政策：建立和加強政府對銀行的管理和控制；聯邦政府對救濟進行管理，建立社會救濟保障體系；刺激工，農業的復蘇；通過勞工法；改善少數民族和某些宗教團體成員的狀況。這些措施的目的是“拯救美國的民主”，幫助美國克服了當時資本主義所經歷的最嚴重的經濟危機。

7）America in W W II

①The Second World War was the result of struggle between the great powers for control of the world and military expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany,Fascist Italy and militarist Japan.Isolationism before WW II and neutrality at first二戰是由大國為爭奪世界霸權，以及納粹德國，法西斯主義的意大利和軍國主義的日本進行軍事擴張而導致的。美國第二次世界大戰前的孤立主義和初期的中立政策。

②the Pearl Harbour Incident in December,1941 1941.12月的珍珠港事件

③American wartime objectives and guiding principles for wartime diplomacy美國的戰時目標和戰時外交的指導原則。The objectives were the total destruction of the Axis powers and the establishment of a would order after unconditional victory in accord with American ideals and interest; Two guiding principles: the first was to win the war, the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interest and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.戰

時目標是徹底摧毀軸心國勢力，并在取得無條件勝利后建立與美國理想與利益符合的世界秩序。兩個指導原則：1是取得戰爭勝利，2是建立一個符合美國利益的戰后政治結構，并防止蘇聯過度擴張。

④Anglo-American Strategy and differences in Europe. 英美在歐洲的戰略和分歧

A Stratergy of Europe : to defeat Germany first; The second issue was poliy towards the Soviet Union.歐洲戰略：先擊敗德國，2是對蘇聯的政策。

The differences: The United States was eager to take away from France and Britain their former colonies and let them become independent states. Britain did not like the America’s policy美國渴望英、法的殖民地擺脫英、法而成為獨立國家。英不同意。

⑤American policy towards the Soviet Union美國對的對蘇政策：1）to keep the Soviet Union in the war;2）to get the Soviet Union into the war against Japan; 3）to influence Soviet policy and to be very watchful about Soviet expansive intention.1）讓蘇聯繼續參戰，2）使蘇聯卷入對日抗戰；3）給蘇聯外交政策一定的影響，同時十分警惕蘇聯的擴張意圖。

⑥Potsdam Conference(1945)波茨坦會議：showed that there were great differences among America, Britain and the Soviet Union.