英語翻譯訓練:談英語定語從句的漢譯

(一)譯成并列分句
1、譯成并列分句,省略先行項
①Wait a minute, said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. “等一會兒!”老板說道,說罷便打開火腿包,拿出一只,開始剔骨頭,并用繩子縛起來。(省主語)
②Carrie reached home in high good spirits,which she could scarely conceal. 嘉莉興高采烈地回到家,想掩飾也掩飾不住。(省主語)
2、譯成并列分句,重復英語先行項
①...from his vest dangled a real gold watch chain, from which was suspended the secret insignia of the Order of Elks……背心上蕩著一根精致金表鏈,鏈上系著“共進會”徽章。
②He came within the meaning of a still newer term, which had sprung into general use among Americans in 1880... 他其實適合于一個更新名詞,那個名詞1880年在美國人中突然流行起來……
(二)譯成獨立句
①It has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in earth. I have come amidst you from Egypt, On the banks of the Nile, which also has a most ancient civilization. 我一直向往著要同世界最古老文明會晤。尼羅河畔埃及也有著最古老文明,我正是從那里來到你們中間。
②You've given Feldstyn, who dislikes me any how, the chance he was waiting for. 費爾德丁反正討厭我,你給他機會正是他求之不得。
(三)譯成狀語從句
①These actions, which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nevertheless give us a pause. 這些行動,雖已激起普遍而毫不掩飾反對,卻也使我們舉棋不定。(表讓步)
②In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved. 在兩國發生爭端時,如與該兩國皆友好,則應避免卷入。(表條件)。
③Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 銅電阻很小,因此被廣泛用于輸電。(表結果)
(四)譯成定語詞組
As I came in, Gus Meyer, who owned the taxicad that used to stand at the corner of our street, waved to me from a table. 我進去時,那個開出租汽車古司.買耶坐在一張桌子那里向我招手,他車子經常就停在我們街角上。非限制性定語從句主要是譯成并列分句、獨立句和狀語從句這幾種形式,這與它作用——僅是對先行項提供一些補充說明——有關。難怪《新編英語語法》(修定本)指出:在意義上,非限制性定語從句相當于一個并列分句,可以完全脫離主句而獨立出現。
綜上舉例可以看出,定語從句可用“分述法”和“溶合法”進行翻譯,形式有定語詞組,并列分句、狀語從句、復合賓語等。這些形式是英譯漢主要“框架結構”,并非全部“標準答案”。在具體和翻譯實踐中,我們應該視其不同情況,選用不同形式或作靈活變通處理。
