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Exploiting the civil war in England and making an alliance with De Montfort,
借英格蘭內戰之機 以及與德·蒙德福特的結盟
Llywelyn's armies overran the now undefended centre.
盧埃林的軍隊占領了防守薄弱的中部地區
But he then overreached himself,marrying De Montfort's daughter,
但隨后他便得意忘形 迎娶了德·蒙德福特的女兒
an offence Edward was unlikely to forgive or to forget.
這樣的冒犯是愛德華不能寬恕和忘懷的
Years later, Llywelyn handed Edward the perfect pretext for retribution.
幾年后 盧埃林就給了愛德華 一個報復的機會
He failed to show up at Edward's coronation and ignored a total of five summonses to pay homage to his new King.
他未出席愛德華的加冕禮 并且總共無視了五次傳喚 拒不覲見新國王
Edward, who needed no tutorials on the connection between ceremonies and power,
愛德華深知 朝臣禮儀象征著王權統治力
immediately took this as a slap in the face,an act of virtual rebellion.
他視此為一種羞辱 形同謀反
In 1276, a huge army, the biggest seen in Britain since the the Norman Conquest
1276年 自諾曼征服戰之后 不列顛規模最大的軍隊
invaded Gwynedd, penetrating right to its furthest corners,to Snowdonia and to Anglesey.
入侵了格溫內思 長驅直入其疆界最遠端 到達斯諾登地區和安格西島
Faced with this invasion, Llywelyn was forced to surrender.
面對強敵壓境 盧埃林不得不屈膝稱臣
But, as so often in these years,humiliation bred defiance.
但正如這些年一再重演的歷史一樣 屈辱最終會醞釀出反抗
In 1282, the Welsh launched a surprise attack on an English garrison,
1282年 威爾士人 對英格蘭駐軍發動了一次突襲
Edward now bore down again with an even bigger army,
愛德華派遣了更大規模的軍隊進行鎮壓
but this campaign was far from being a walkover.
但這場戰爭絕非想象中那樣輕易
