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However, the subjugation of Wales was far more subtle than the surgical application of brute force.
但是對威爾士的徹底征服遠比 武力占領復雜微妙得多
Edward had the chilling, uncannily-modern knowledge that to break your enemy you must first strip him of his culture identity.
愛德華在這方面有著讓人不寒而栗的超前意識 要瓦解敵人必須首先 動搖其民族認同感
Before this place became called Conway by the English,it was Aberconwy.
在被英格蘭人改名為康威前 這里被稱為阿拜康威
It was a monastery that housed the tomb of the most powerful of all the Welsh princes
這座修道院里 安葬著威爾士最有權勢的王子們
and was home to a sacred relic that the Welsh believed to be a piece of the true cross.
這里也是被威爾士人視為 真十字架殘片的供奉地
Naturally then, the monastery became a fortress and the cross was taken to London along with Llywelyn's crown.
但隨后 修道院變成了堡壘 而十字架則被送往倫敦 一同被帶走的還有盧埃林的皇冠
The lords call themselves princes of Wales. Fine.
領主自封為威爾士王子 那么好吧
From 1301, they will be the most English of the English,
從1301年起該稱號 由最純正的英格蘭人繼承
the first son of the king,the heir to the throne, the emperor in waiting.
即國王的長子 王位的繼承人 未來的君主
The most titanic of all the visible signs of the English empire were its castles,
英格蘭統(tǒng)治的最顯著標志 是他們的城堡
a granite ring of fortresses stretching from Builth to Hope,
花崗巖堡壘從比爾斯蜿蜒到霍普高地
Most of them supplied from the sea,depriving the Welsh of any hope of liberation.
大部分城堡從海上獲得補給 粉碎了威爾士人獲得解放的希望
