1993年 翻譯延伸
3、You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (歸納法)and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.
【分析】
復(fù)合句。句子主干為You have all heard it repeated that…,that…,and that… ,it為形式賓語,真正的賓語是三個并列的that從句。第一個從句中,by means of induction and deduction為方式狀語,翻譯時,應(yīng)置于謂語動調(diào)之前。第二個從句的主干為they…manage to?extract…certain natural laws,狀語 in a sort of sense 可譯于從句句首,狀語by the help of these operations譯于主謂之間,from Nature譯于動詞extract之前。第三個從句采取順譯法,they指代上一句的certain natural laws,需明確。
【點撥】
1、extract from “從…中提取”。2、 build up“逐步建立;增進(jìn),增強(qiáng);積累”。
【譯文】
我們都多次聽說過,科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的,而且從某種意義上說來,他們依靠這種方法力求從自然界歸納某些自然規(guī)律,然后根據(jù)這些規(guī)律和自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng),建立起他們的理論。
4、And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
【分析】
復(fù)合句。句子主干為it is imagined that…and that…,it為形式主語,真正的主語是兩個并列的that 從句。主句為被動語態(tài),翻譯時可轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主動語態(tài),譯為“許多人設(shè)想…”。第—從句中,these processes指“科學(xué)的思維過程”,需譯出。第二個從句中,they 指代前一從句中的these processes,翻譯時需明確;by a sort of special training為介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,前置譯。
【點撥】
by no means“決不,一點也不,根本不能”。
【譯文】
許多人設(shè)想,普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)的思維過程相比,認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某些專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
adj. 確定的,必然的,特定的
pron.