2004 考研英語長難句
1、The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
【分析】多重復合句。句子主干為The Greeks assumed that…,that引導賓語從句。which引導的非限制性定語從句指代前半句所說的觀點,由于定語從句較長,翻譯時可單獨譯為一句話,把which譯為“這種觀點”。定語從句中嵌套long before引導的時間狀語從句,狀語從句中又含有how引導的從句作realized的賓語。翻譯時狀語從句前置。
【點撥】1、assumed在本句中意為“認為”,此外還有“假定,猜測;假裝;承擔”的意思。2、take root in原意是“(植物)生根,扎根于”,本句中為比喻用法,指思想或看法的“形成、確立”。
【譯文】希臘人認為語言的結構與思維過程之間存在某種聯系,這種觀點早在人們意識到語言的千差萬別之前就已經在歐洲根深蒂固了。
2、We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
【分析】多重復合句。句子主干為We are obliged to them。because引導原因狀語從句,主干為some of these languages have since vanished。because 從句中又包含as引導的狀語從句,as從句從含義上來看,說明了語言消失的原因,因此可以理解為原因狀語從句,譯為“這是由于…”。as從句中又嵌套who引導的定語從句修飾the peoples,定語從句前置譯。
【點撥】1、be obliged to sb. “感激某人”;be obliged to do sth.“不得不做某亊”。本句中可根據后面的them以及上下文推測出,be obliged to應譯為“感激”。2、since在句中是副詞,意為“在此之后”。
【譯文】我們得感謝他們,是因為在此之后,這些語言中有一些已經不復存在了,這是由于說這些語言的部族或是滅絕了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。