17. It's a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
【分析】并列復合句。but連接兩個并列的分句。第一個分句的主干是It's a theory, which引導的定語從句修飾theory;第二個分句的賓語補足語in the position of...包含兩個which引導的從句,均作determining的賓語。
【譯文】許多經濟學家對這種理論表示贊同,但實際上這樣常常要由鐵路部門去決定哪些公司興旺,哪些公司破產。
【點撥】l)subscribe to的含義有“訂閱;同意,支持;捐贈”,在本句中顯然是“同意,支持”之意。2)fail在此處不是“失敗”的意思,而是指“(公司的)破產,倒閉”。
18. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.
【分析】多重復合句。本句是個完全倒裝句。謂語是asks,主語是 Martin Bercovici,其后的 a Washington lawyer …是其同位語,其中包含who引導的定語從句,修飾 lawyer;引號內的句子是賓語。賓語從句的主干是Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters …。介詞短語of who wins and who loses in the marketplace 作 arbiters 的后置定語,其中who引導的兩個從句作of的賓語。
【譯文】“我們真的要讓鐵路部門成為市場中成敗的仲裁者嗎?”馬丁·貝爾科維希問道,他是一名經常作為發貨商代理人的華盛頓律師。