15. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
【分析】并列多重復合句。but連接兩個并列分句。第一個分句中,從句who feel ... overcharged作定語修飾 shippers,其中又包含一個省略that的賓語從句,作feel 賓語;第二個分句中and連接兩個并列的謂語結構。
【譯文】那些自認為被敲詐了的發貨商有權向聯邦政府的陸路交通運輸委員會上訴,要求降低費率,但其過程耗時費錢,而且只有在極端特殊的情況下才有效。
【點撥】l)appeal to的含義有“對…產生吸引力;呼吁,懇求;上訴,申訴”,此處顯然是最后一種釋義。2) relief的含義是“減輕,解除”,意譯為“減少,降低,下調”。
16. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
【分析】復合句。they argue為插入語。句首if條件句中的謂語動詞用了過去式charged,表示與現在事實相反的假設;主句主干是shippers... would do so。who引導的定語從句修飾shippers,現在分詞短語leaving remaining customers…作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】他們聲稱,若鐵路部門對所有托運人都收取一樣的平均費用,那么可以選擇公路或其他運輸方式的托運人將會轉移,從而迫使剩余的托運人承擔維持鐵路經營的成本費用。
【點撥】l)option意為“選擇(權),可選物”,常用短語have no option but to表示“別無選擇,只好”。2) shoulder用作動詞,意為“擔負,承擔”,如shoulder the blame“承擔過失”。3)keep up意為“(使)繼續下去,保持,維持”。4)line在句中指“交通線,航線,鐵路線”。