19.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity I explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干是constraints explain...。介詞短語(yǔ)on improving productivity是constraints的后置定語(yǔ)，why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作explain的賓語(yǔ)，其中包含than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

【譯文】相反，生產(chǎn)力的提高受到限制，正是那里的教育發(fā)展得不夠快的原因。

【點(diǎn)撥】1)on the contrary是固定搭配，意思是“正相反”。2)constraint基本含義是“約束，限制”，通常與on搭配使用，另外它還有“拘束，態(tài)度不自然”的意思。

【臨摹】我沒有生病，相反，我健康極了。

20.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church —important subjects that we may not neglect.

【分析】復(fù)合句。句中的兩個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)To take…和 to start with...分別作主句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)；破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 theological innovations and distinctive ideas，其中包含that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾subjects。

【譯文】以這種方法看待新英格蘭人通常意味著從這些清教徒的神學(xué)變革和他們關(guān)于教堂的與眾不同的理念入手——這些是我們不容忽視的重要主題。

【點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)take a/an…approach to sth.意思是“對(duì)…采用...方法/態(tài)度”。

【臨摹】對(duì)新思想采取不存先入之見的態(tài)度是明智的。

臨摹答案

1.Students differ in how they learn, depending on the background, experience and aptitude.

2.Trains are subject to delays after, the heavy snowfalls.

3.The badly wounded take priority for medical attention over those only slightly hurt.

15.He must be out of his mind to deride such a brilliant person as a fool.

17.Despite her professional success, she is always over shadowed by her husband.

19.I’m not sick；on the contrary,I’m in the peak of health.

20.It is advisable to take an open-mind approach to new ideas.