25.Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion.
【分析】多重復合句。主干是many settlers had···commitment。as引導非限制性定語從句,指代前面整個句。非限制性定語從句還包含who引導的定語從句,修飾folk。定語從句嵌套that引導的賓語從句。
【譯文】同時,許多移民并沒有像丹尼那樣虔誠的宗教信仰。正如一個牧師在海邊遇到村民的時候所了解到的一樣,他們嘲弄地說并不是為了宗教來到新大陸的。
【點撥】1)commitment在此處指“信奉”,更常見的義項是“承諾,保證;獻身” 。
2)mock可作動詞、名詞用,意為“嘲笑,嘲弄;(為取笑而)模仿,仿效”,作形容詞時的意思是“假的,偽造的,模仿的”,如a mock battle 一場模擬戰。
as引導的非限制性定語從句
as引導的非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活,可放在句首、句中或句末,一般以逗號與主句分開,用來指代整個主句。as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別:
1)非限制性定語從句在句首時,只能用as不能用which例如:As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
2)非限制性定語從句位于主句之后,純粹表示主句所述內容,不帶有“如…那樣”的意思時,用which,不用as。例如:They are invited to the state banquet, which was great honor to them.
3)當非限制性定語從句的關系代詞指的是先行詞本身時只能用 which,不能用 as。例如:The West Lake, which is one of the world famous scenic spots, is in Hangzhou.
26.Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.
【分析】簡單句。句子主干是Herbert Spencer put for ward his own theory。句首的現在分詞短語Coinciding with…1860s作伴隨狀語,其中的過去分詞短語 posed by …1860s作 theory of biological evolution 的后置定語。
【譯文】在英國博物學家查爾斯•達爾文于19世紀60年代提出開創性的生物進化論的同時,英國社會哲學家赫伯特•斯賓塞也推出了他自己的關于生物和文化進化的理論。
【點撥】l) coincide with意為“同時發生;符合,與...致”.2) groundbreaking義同 innovative,指“開創性的”。3) naturalist除作“自然主義者;自然主義作家(或藝術家)”,講還有“博物學家”的意思.4) put for ward 意為“提出”,同propose。
【臨摹】我驚奇地發現我的生日與約翰的生日碰巧在同一時間。