27.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest",in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

【分析】多重復合句。句子主干是He argued that... 。that引導argued 的賓語從句，其中he called the“survival of the fittest”為省略關系詞的定語從句,修飾struggle; which引導非限制性定語從句,也修飾 struggle。

【譯文】他認為，人類進化的特點是他稱之為“適者生存”的斗爭。在這場斗爭中，弱小的種族和社會最終將被更強大、更先進的種族和社會所取代。

【點撥】1) be characterized by意為“以...為特征。”2) eventually“最后，終于”。

【臨摹】歐也妮•葛朗臺淋漓盡致地體現出守財奴的特點是貪婪。

28.Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families,forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

【分析】復合句。主干結構是diverse aspects of culture all changed …。短語 such as …food production作插入語,as societies evolved是as引導的時間狀語從句。

【譯文】因此,按照摩根的觀點，文化的各個方面——比如家庭結構、婚姻形式、親屬關系類別、財產所有權、政府形式、科技以及食品生產體系——都隨著社會的發展而改變。