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【Project in DRC Aims to Increase Fertilizer Use】
TEXT:This is the VOA Special English Agriculture report.
這里是美國之音慢速英語農業報道。
North Kivu is a war-torn province that used to be called the breadbasket of the Congo. Now, some farmers are being trained to increase the productivity of their land with fertilizer.
北基伍省曾是剛果的產量區，如今卻備受戰爭摧殘。現在一些農民正在接受培訓，學習用肥料來增加土地產量。
The International Fertility Development Center is supporting the project. The IFDC is a nonprofit group based in the United States.
國際生產力發展中心正在支持這個項目，該組織是一家總部在美國的非盈利組織。
The project includes planting trees. Trees help prevent the loss of soil through erosion. They also provide charcoal for fuel. And they provide fertilizer in the form of leaves. These get plowed into the soil.
項目包括種植樹木，樹木可以阻止侵蝕而產生的土壤流失，提供燃燒用的木炭，還以樹葉的形式提供肥料，可以把樹葉犁入土壤。
Other farmers are experimenting with chemical fertilizer. The farmers use a mixture of chemical and organic fertilizer. They also use improved seed. They say they have succeeded in growing three or four times as much maize, rice, beans and potatoes.
其他農民用化學肥料做實驗，農民們使用化肥和有機肥的混合物，還使用改良過的種子。 他們稱成功地收獲了三四倍的玉米、大米、大豆和土豆。
The fertilizer costs around a dollar and thirty cents a kilo. But workers from the IFDC say if it triples a yield of potatoes, for example, it means twice the profit.
這種肥料價值1.3美元每千克，但國際生產力發展中心的工人說如果土豆的產量能翻三倍，這就意味著收益增了兩倍。
Farmer Adrien Kangele says the new methods promoted by the group could be a solution to ethnic conflicts in the Kivu region. Fertilizer brings peace, he says, because more people can earn a living from the soil in this densely populated area.
農民Adrien Kangele說，該組織推廣的這種方法可以解決基伍地區的種族沖突。他說，肥料帶來和平，因為更多人能在這個人口密集的地區謀得口糧。
One of the trainers, Sandra Kavira Kawisse, says fertilizer can even save marriages. She says in one area, many of the men had left their wives and gone to work in the mines. Then their wives started using fertilizer and their yields of rice tripled. The IFDC has found that when the men work with the women, the harvests are nine tons a hectare compared with six tons when the women work alone.
培訓者Sandra Kavira Kawisse說，肥料甚至可以拯救婚姻。她說在一個地區，許多男人離開妻子去礦場工作，他們的妻子用了化肥后大米產量就翻了三倍。國際生產力發展中心發現，當男人和女人一起工作時，產量為每公頃9噸，而女人單獨工作時，產量為每公頃6噸。
Dutch scientist Henk Breman designed the fertilizer project. He says the Democratic Republic of Congo uses less chemical fertilizer per hectare than any other country. Mr. Breman suggests two reasons. One is a lack of government policy. The other is the influence of donors and international nongovernmental organizations that were against more intensive ways of farming.
德國科學家Henk Breman設計了這個肥料項目，他說剛果民主共和國每公頃使用的肥料比其他國家都要少。Breman解釋了兩個原因，一是缺少政府政策，另一個是捐贈者和國際非政府組織的影響，他們反對更集約化的農作方式。
HENK BREMAN: "There has been a period of about twenty years where donor support was dominated by policies that looked for other ways of developing agriculture than the intensive way elsewhere. I really accuse the donors and the international NGOs for part of the famine in Africa."
HENK BREMAN: “大約20年來，捐贈支持主要是尋找發展農業的其他方式，而不是集約式的方法。我真要指責捐贈者和國際非政府組織，非洲的饑荒要部分歸咎于他們?！?/span>
Edwige Mungwana Kavor is a local agronomist who works for Mercy Corps, an NGO. She says she is not against adding chemical fertilizer to organic matter. But she says land can become dependent on chemical fertilizers and no longer produce without them. Also, the chemicals can pollute groundwater.
Edwige Mungwana Kavor是就職于非政府的美慈組織的一位地方農學家，她說自己不反對向有機肥料中添加化學肥料。不過她說，土地可能會依賴化學肥料，沒有肥料就沒有產出。而且化肥會污染地下水。
Henk Breman agrees farmers should mix it with organic fertilizer. But he says there is a much bigger risk from soil erosion in the Kivu region.
Henk Breman認為農民應該將有機肥料結合起來用，不過他說，基伍地區的土壤流失風險更大。
HENK BREMAN: "The soil nutrient balance of this region is the most negative in the world."
Henk Breman認為農民應該將有機肥料結合起來用，不過他說，基伍地區的土壤流失風險更大。
Farmers groups have welcomed a promise by the DRC government to end taxes on fertilizers. Those taxes are some of the highest in central Africa.
農民組織歡迎剛果民主共和國終結肥料稅收的承諾，這些稅收在中非地區是最高的。
