1．詞匯與語法

1．1重復
重復的原因：
a.爭取更多的喘息、掙扎和思考的時間；
b.便于聽眾的理解。
1．1．1 重復實義詞

e.g. 但是這個事件非常重要，向全世界發(fā)出一個信息， 就是中國政府不會為一個金融企業(yè)還債。
But this incident is of great significance, for it has sent a signal, a message to the entire world, that is, the Chinese government will not repay the debts for the financial institution or financial firm.

1.1.2 重復不定式符號
e.g. 所以我們今后要加強基礎設施的建設，加強農村廣大市場的開發(fā)。
So, in the future we intend to increase and step up the construction of infrastructure and to explore and open up the vast market in the rural areas.

1.1.3 重復介詞
e.g. 美國沒有簽署關于種族隔離、種族歧視、禁止酷刑、歧視婦女等公約。
The United States has failed to sign a series of human rights conventions, for example, on apartheid, on racial discrimination, on the prohibition of torture, and on discrimination against women.

1.1.4 重復連接詞
e.g. 只要我們高舉鄧小平理論的旗幟， 在以Jiang Zeming同志為核心的黨中央的領導下， 緊緊地依靠全國人民群眾，我相信本屆政府將無往而不勝。
As long as we hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and as long as we have the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zeming at the core and as long as we rely totally on the entire Chinese people, then the current government will be able to surmount any difficulty and will greet, will usher in success and triumph one after another.

1.1.5 重述
此處指跨句的重復。
e.g. 美國在亞洲大力推行資本的過分流動，促成了危機的發(fā)生。 而在危機發(fā)生以后通過國際金融組織給它貸款。
The United States actually played a part for promoting the overflow of capital in Asia. That is prompting the eruption of the crisis in Asia. And after the eruption of the crisis, the international financial institutions have come out to extend loans to these countries.

1.2 添加文字
1．2．1 so as to
e.g. 我們愿意同美方共同努力， 排除一切干擾， 排除各種障礙，以把一個健康、穩(wěn)定的中美關系帶入下一個世紀。
We are prepared to work together with the US side to remove all kinds of interferences or obstacles so as to/(NOT to) bring a sound and stable China-US relationship into the next century.

1.2.2 in terms of
e.g. 您剛才提到勒一季度的工業(yè)增長情況。
Just now you mentioned the progress that has been made in the first quarter of this year, in terms of the growth rate of industrial production.

1.2.3 year
e.g. 中國加強宏觀調控的政策是在1993年。
It was in the year 1993/in the year of 1993 that China stepped up its policy of macro-regulation and control.

1.2.4 year’s time
e.g. 這個任務（分流政府機構工作人員）要在3年內完成。
We plan to cut half of the working staff working in the government institutions in three years’ time.

1.3 省略文字
理論依據(jù)：
 漢語多使用種類詞
 漢語多使用動詞，英語多使用名詞、介詞作為動作
e.g 您有什么樣的方法可以加快中國電訊市場的競爭步伐？
What measures do you plan to adopt to accelerate the competition in the telecom sector in China?
e.g. 我想這樣的文章的出現(xiàn)也反映澤現(xiàn)在美國的那一段潮流。
I think the emergence of such an article has reflected the anti-China wave that has emerged in the US.

1.4 漢英對應詞的處理
不要被以為是對應詞的思路所阻礙了！

1.4.1
有＝there be？
e.g. 另外， 有些日本人比較擔心中國的核試驗。請您談一談這些問題。
And another question is some people in Japan are worried about China’s nuclear test.
出現(xiàn)= appear?
e.g.但是這兩年來，國內的市場出現(xiàn)了相對的飽和。
However, over the past two years the domestic market has been relatively saturated.

1.4.2 是＝be? 前后不等值
e.g. 過快地要求一個國家開放它的資本市場，過分的資本流動性， 往往是欲速則不達。
To urge a country to liberalize or open its capital market too quickly or to ask or to request an over of capital in a country would only result in what we say “more haste, less speed”.

1.4.3 使、讓
理論依據(jù)：漢語中不及物動詞較多， 例如：使、讓等；而英語中多及物動詞。我們不要一看到漢語中的不及物動詞就自動翻譯成：make, let 等。（這點在晁艷和陳怡的譯文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)）
e.g. 我們已經(jīng)確定了我們在三年左右的時間里要使大多數(shù)國有大、中型企業(yè)擺脫困境。
We have decided to lift most medium and large-sized SOEs enterprises from current difficult situations in about three years’ time.
e.g. 最讓您不滿的是什么？
What dissatisfied you most?

1.4.4 不能
不能＝cannot?
e.g. 香港已經(jīng)回歸了， 澳門很快也要回歸， 我想完全地實現(xiàn)祖國統(tǒng)一的問題中不能無限期地拖下去吧。
The realization of the complete reunification of the motherland of China, in my view, should not be delayed indefinitely.

1.4.5 去年（今年）… 月
理論依據(jù)：假如在7、8月份以后（含7月份）的時候說當年的一月，應該為：last January
換言之，周三說：last Monday, 老外自己也搞不清楚是本周一還是上周一。

e.g. 我們同美國在今年一月已經(jīng)回復了中斷4年之久的有關問題的磋商。
In January of this year, we resumed the human rights dialog with the US, which had been suspended for 4 years.

e.g. 去年5月份以后，中印關系收到了損害。
Last May, Sino-Indian relations have been undermined.

1.5 簡化詞尾變化
理論依據(jù)：中國學生難以避免主謂不一致的問題。

1.5.1 簡化為 will be (have)
e.g. 我不知道在座諸位有沒有耐心聽我講下去。
I wonder whether all of you present today will have the patience to listen to me.

e.g. 朱總理的這次訪美的主要目的是增進了解。
The major objective of Premier Zhu’s visit to the US will be to enhance mutual understanding.

1.5.2 –s; -ing
理論依據(jù)：中國學生難以避免第三人稱不加s的問題，中國學生不太容易犯be doing 的錯誤。
e.g. 他們幾次反復地說，印度方面現(xiàn)在并不認為中國對印度構成威脅。
They have repeatedly stated that at present India does not think China is posing a threat to India.

1.5.3 避免使用動詞
理論依據(jù)：中國學生容易在動詞的形式上犯錯，因此可使用某些縮略的方法來規(guī)避這些問題。
e.g. （問題是這種債務是不是該由政府來償還？）當然不應該。
The answer is of course negative.
Of course not.

1.6 漢語動詞的處理
理論依據(jù)：漢語動詞多于英語。同時，漢語的很多動詞長得很像不及物動詞，而英語中多及物動詞。解決辦法如下：
a. 添加賓語
b. 轉用英語名詞
e.g. 在這個問題上我重復了這么多遍以后， 我今天實在不想再講了。
After repeating so many times on the question of human rights, I am really very reluctant to talk about it any more today.

e.g. 我只是說，經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、金融的開放必須要有宏觀調控， 要根據(jù)每個國家的具體情況實行不同的宏觀調控的政策。
What I want to say is that the economic development and the financial liberalization must be accompanied with the macro-regulation and control policy; and different policies of macro-regulation and control should be adopted according to the specific conditions of different countries.

1.7 漢語代詞轉為英語實詞
漢語不怕重復；換言之，英語害怕重復。但是這是針對筆譯而言。在口譯中，可能情況剛好相反，即當漢語使用代詞時，英語反而使用實詞來重述前面的詞語。

e.g. 去年中國之所以能夠避過了亞洲金融危機的影響， 那就是因為我們在1993年已經(jīng)發(fā)生了這種金融危機， 信號我們在它還沒有擴大的時候就把它制止住了。
The reason why China has managed to avoid the effect of the Asian financial crisis last year was that we already experienced such a kind of financial crisis in 1993. and fortunately we managed to check such a a financial crisis befoe it spread.