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Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030
2030年前碳達峰行動方案
This Action Plan is formulated to advance actions on carbon dioxide peaking in further implementing the major strategic decisions by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
為深入貫徹落實黨中央、國務院關于碳達峰、碳中和的重大戰略決策，扎實推進碳達峰行動，制定本方案。
I. General Guidance
一、總體要求
1. Guiding Principles
（一）指導思想。
We must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization. We need to ground our work in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy, and foster a new pattern of development. Through the application of systematic thinking, we will strike a balance between development and emissions reduction, between overall and local imperatives, and between short-term and longer-term considerations, and coordinated efforts in terms of maintaining steady growth and restructuring. Endeavors to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality must be incorporated into the overall economic and social development framework. We need to stick to the overarching principles of exercising nationwide planning, prioritizing conservation, leveraging the strengths of the government and the market, coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts, and guarding against risks. Work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions must carry out in a vigorous, orderly and effective manner by setting explicit targets and tasks for different regions, fields and industries. We need to accelerate the shift to more environmentally friendly living patterns and modes of production, base economic and social development upon highly efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon growth and ensure that the goal of carbon dioxide peaking before 2030 is achieved.
以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會精神，深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想，立足新發展階段，完整、準確、全面貫徹新發展理念，構建新發展格局，堅持系統觀念，處理好發展和減排、整體和局部、短期和中長期的關系，統籌穩增長和調結構，把碳達峰、碳中和納入經濟社會發展全局，堅持“全國統籌、節約優先、雙輪驅動、內外暢通、防范風險”的總方針，有力有序有效做好碳達峰工作，明確各地區、各領域、各行業目標任務，加快實現生產生活方式綠色變革，推動經濟社會發展建立在資源高效利用和綠色低碳發展的基礎之上，確保如期實現2030年前碳達峰目標。
2. Working Guidelines
（二）工作原則。
Planning from an overall perspective and implementing tailored policies. We will take a whole-of-nation approach, bolstering top-level design and coordination on all sides. In all regions, fields, and industries, we will implement tailored policies, and set targets and tasks in a manner that both fits individual realities and satisfies overall requirements.
——總體部署、分類施策。堅持全國一盤棋，強化頂層設計和各方統籌。各地區、各領域、各行業因地制宜、分類施策，明確既符合自身實際又滿足總體要求的目標任務。
Employing a systematic approach and pushing for key breakthroughs. We will maintain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the carbon dioxide peaking action's far-reaching effects on economic and social development, and make policies more systematic and coordinated. We will devote our attention to the main problems and the main aspects of these problems, and encourage key fields and key industries as well as regions with the favorable conditions to take the lead in reaching peak emissions.
——系統推進、重點突破。全面準確認識碳達峰行動對經濟社會發展的深遠影響，加強政策的系統性、協同性。抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，推動重點領域、重點行業和有條件的地方率先達峰。
Leveraging the strengths of the government and the market. We will give better play to the role of the government by building a new system for mobilizing the nation, and give full play to the role of the market. We will vigorously promote innovation in green and low-carbon science and technology, deepen institutional reform in energy and other relevant fields, and develop effective incentive and constraint mechanisms.
——雙輪驅動、兩手發力。更好發揮政府作用，構建新型舉國體制，充分發揮市場機制作用，大力推進綠色低碳科技創新，深化能源和相關領域改革，形成有效激勵約束機制。
Working in a steady and orderly manner to safely reduce carbon emissions. Based on China's energy resource conditions of rich in coal but poor in oil and gas, we must insist construction before destruction, stabilize energy stock and expand energy increment. We must keep national energy security and economic development as the bottom line, strive for time to realize the gradual replacement of new energy, and promote the smooth transition of energy low-carbon transformation. We will take concrete steps to safeguard China's energy security, food security, and the security of industrial and supply chains and to keep ordinary citizens living and working as normal. As we advance the carbon dioxide peaking initiatives through a steady, step-by-step approach, we will put concentrated effort into addressing various potential risks and hazards and avoid excessive side effects, thus ensuring a safe reduction of carbon emissions.
——穩妥有序、安全降碳。立足我國富煤貧油少氣的能源資源稟賦，堅持先立后破，穩住存量，拓展增量，以保障國家能源安全和經濟發展為底線，爭取時間實現新能源的逐漸替代，推動能源低碳轉型平穩過渡，切實保障國家能源安全、產業鏈供應鏈安全、糧食安全和群眾正常生產生活，著力化解各類風險隱患，防止過度反應，穩妥有序、循序漸進推進碳達峰行動，確保安全降碳。
II. Main Objectives
二、主要目標
Over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, notable progress will be made in adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and the energy mix. Energy efficiency will be largely improved in key industries, strict controls will be placed upon coal consumption growth, construction of new electric power systems based upon new energy resources will speed up, new progress will be made in the R&D and broad application of green and low-carbon technologies, environment-friendly production modes and living patterns will become widespread, and further improvement will be made in the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development. By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking.
“十四五”期間，產業結構和能源結構調整優化取得明顯進展，重點行業能源利用效率大幅提升，煤炭消費增長得到嚴格控制，新型電力系統加快構建，綠色低碳技術研發和推廣應用取得新進展，綠色生產生活方式得到普遍推行，有利于綠色低碳循環發展的政策體系進一步完善。到2025年，非化石能源消費比重達到20%左右，單位國內生產總值能源消耗比2020年下降13.5%，單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2020年下降18%，為實現碳達峰奠定堅實基礎。
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, major progress will be made in adjustment of the industrial structure, a clean, safe, efficient and low-carbon energy system will be preliminary established, low-carbon development models will have largely taken shape in key fields, energy efficiency among China's key energy consumption industries will reach advanced international standards, non-fossil fuels will account for a larger share of energy consumption, coal consumption will gradually fall, crucial breakthroughs will be made in green and low-carbon technology, the public will opt for environment-friendly living patterns, and formulation of the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development will be mostly complete. By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030.
“十五五”期間，產業結構調整取得重大進展，清潔低碳安全高效的能源體系初步建立，重點領域低碳發展模式基本形成，重點耗能行業能源利用效率達到國際先進水平，非化石能源消費比重進一步提高，煤炭消費逐步減少，綠色低碳技術取得關鍵突破，綠色生活方式成為公眾自覺選擇，綠色低碳循環發展政策體系基本健全。到2030年，非化石能源消費比重達到25%左右，單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降65%以上，順利實現2030年前碳達峰目標。
