口譯講評 Comments on Interpretation

1．“都無法視而不見，聽而不聞”，“視而不見”和“聽而不聞”實際是一個意思，意譯為 “overlook”。有時漢語用詞重疊，同義反復，口譯時需要減詞或合并，這句話譯為：“can’t afford to overlook”。
2．“但社會秩序持續動蕩”，口譯時采用反譯法，將肯定句譯為否定句，“but order has NOT returned.”
3．“安全問題”有多種譯法。口譯時不一定見到“問題”都譯成 “problem”。該短語可譯為：“security concerns”，“security issues” 或 “security threats”。
4．“方式更加隱蔽，手段更為殘忍”。 翻譯時如果將“方式”直譯為 “approaches” 或 “ways”，難免顯得生硬，有翻譯腔。此句的翻譯應在充分理解原文的基礎上，根據英文習慣，意譯為 “their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal.”
5．“安全問題已廣泛涉及政治、經濟、軍事、金融、科技等領域”。“廣泛涉及”可譯為 “split over to a wide range of” 。
6．“共同的利益和挑戰把我們捆綁在一起”。這里不能生硬地直譯“捆綁”，可以根據中文意思，尋找英文中的對應詞來表達，比如，“put us in the same boat”。
7．“冷戰結束以來，從促成納米比亞獨立到實現柬埔寨和平、從推動兩伊停火到解決海灣危機，從緩和剛果局勢到平息印巴核危機，安理會在維護國際和平與安全方面發揮了不可替代的作用”：這句話很長，如果采取順譯，不但不符合英文“先主要后次要”的表達習慣，而且容易造成語義不清，所以口譯時，要對原文結構進行調整，先說主要的，必要時做適當補譯，另起一句。具體譯法詳見參考譯文。
8．“當今世界的問題錯綜復雜，單槍匹馬是無法應對的”。翻譯這句話并不難，可以字對字順譯，但如果口譯時能準確把握和體現兩個分句的因果邏輯關系，譯文就更流暢、地道了。該句譯為：“Given the complexity of the world’s problems, no one can take on the challenge single-handedly.”
9．“安理會擁有《憲章》賦予的神圣權力。它代表會員國意志行事，其通過多邊協商達成的決定，體現了國際社會的共識，在政治和道義上具有高度權威性”。處理這一句時需要對原文的結構進行調整，如果能迅速抓住兩個主語，“安理會”和“決定”，就能確定譯文的框架，并譯為：“The Security Council, with its sacred power under the UN Charter, acts on behalf of the member states. Its decisions reached through multilateral consultation reflect the common aspiration of the international community.”
10．“安理會的任何決定必須由成員國共同決定。安理會成員在公平地域分配原則的基礎上，由各地區民主選舉產生”。這兩句話都不長，而且都有“成員（國）”，口譯時把兩句合并為一個定語從句，更符合英文的行文習慣。本句譯為： “Any decision of the Security Council must be made jointly by all its members, who are democratically elected by respective regions in accordance with the principle of equitable geographic distribution.”
11．“安理會是惟一經過《聯合國憲章》的權力機關，可以決定是否在國際關系中使用武力”。這里首先要抓住主干“安理會是機關”，然后理清兩個主要定語的邏輯關系，“可以決定是否在國際關系中使用武力”實際上是對“授權”的補充說明，全句譯為：“The Security Council is the only organ with the mandated power under UN Charter to decide on the use of force in international relations.”
12．“安理會是推動國際關系法制化的重要渠道”。“國際關系法制化”如果直譯成“legalization /institutionalization of international relations”，都不太好，可意譯為： “a law-based pattern of international relations”。
13．“無以規矩，不成方圓”。在口譯中文習語時，為便于聽眾理解，有時應加上適當的說明。這里就可以在前面補一句“As a noting Chinese saying goes, ⋯”。

篇章譯文：

Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook. The war in Iraq is over, but order has not returned. The Middle East conflict drags on, and bloodshed continues unabated. Terrorism remains rampant and unpredictable. Globalization hasn't made everyone a winner, and in the fields of finance, information, health and others, there exist hidden security threats. The international situation is really undergoing a complicated and profound transformation, which is on the whole characterized by the following features:

First, security threats have taken on multiple dimensions. Traditional security concerns such as ethnic or religious conflicts and border or territorial disputes still exist, while non-traditional security threats are quickly growing. Non-traditional security problems such as terrorism, cross-border crimes, environmental pollution, population explosion, drug trafficking and infectious diseases have become the major problems impeding the human development. The interweaving and mutual conversion between the two kinds of security issues has brought new challenges to the international peace and security.

Second, security threats have a complex nature. Non-traditional security threats have complicated causes and diverse manifestations. Terrorists go after their goals through violence, their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal. The use of biological, chemical, cyberspace and other high-tech means makes terrorists more and more dangerous. As such, the security issue has spilt over to a wide range of areas of politics, economy, military, finance, science and technology.

Third, security threats have obtained global proportions. Today, with the deepening of globalization, countries are more interdependent. Security is no longer a local issue bearing on individual countries or regions, but a global one that threatens to impede peace and development of the world. No country can keep itself out. As a Chinese old saying goes, no individual can simply "clean the snow on his own doorsteps while turning a blind eye to others".

We are living in an interdependent world. Our common interests and common challenges have put us in a same boat. No peace and security can be achieved unless the international community joins hands in cooperation. Upholding the international collective security mechanism is the fundamental guarantee for a more stable and prosperous world.

According to the Charter of the United Nations, the UN Security Council is the core of such a mechanism and the most authoritative and legitimate institution of the multilateral security regime. Ever since the end of the Cold War, the United Nations Security Council has played an irreplaceable role in maintaining world peace and security. There are ample evidence of its accomplishments, such as facilitating the independence of Namibia, bringing peace to Cambodia, mediating the ceasefire between Iran and Iraq, resolving the Gulf crisis, or easing the situation in Democratic Republic of Congo and defusing the nuclear crisis between India and Pakistan. The unique features of the Security Council have enabled it to continue to play a pivotal part in the future world configuration.

First, the Security Council is the principal venue for multilateral cooperation. Given the complexity of the world's problems, no one can take on the challenge single-handedly. The development in Iraq shows that unilateral approaches can bring neither peace nor security, and will only put trust and cooperation among countries in jeopardy.

Security Council Resolution 1511 and other resolutions passed by consensus have testified that only multilateralism can serve both as a sharp tool and a strong shield in the world's common endeavors to achieve peace and development. The Security Council, with its sacred power under the UN Charter, acts on behalf of the member states. Its decisions reached through multilateral consultation reflect the common aspiration of the international community. An institution, as such, surely enjoys high authorities both politically and morally.

Second, the Security Council is a key platform for democracy in international relations.Any decision of the Security Council must be made jointly by all its members, who are democratically elected by respective regions in accordance with the principle of equitable geographic distribution. This collective decision-making mechanism gives an effective guarantee for consultations among parties in problem-solving exercises.

Third, the Security Council is a core institution for peaceful settlement of disputes. As the only organ with the mandated power under UN Charter to decide on the use of force in international relations, the Security Council advocates peaceful settlement of disputes and deploys peacekeeping operations. When special circumstances require, it makes compulsory intervention. Therefore, it is a powerful tool to keep the international relations stable.

Fourth, the Security Council is also an important vehicle to promote a law-based pattern of international relations. As a noting Chinese saying goes, "you cannot draw squares and circles without the compass and square". In governance at the national level, rule of law is essential. When it comes to the conduct of international relations, the rule of the international law should also be viewed as a reliable safeguard. Many good decisions and practices of the Security Council have become important ingredients and rationale of international activities.