CATTI二級(jí)口譯精講第47講講義

口譯技巧

口譯中的句法轉(zhuǎn)換 Syntactical Transformation in Oral Interpretation

由于分屬不同的語系，漢、英兩種語言在句法上有較大差異，主要體現(xiàn)在，英語句子長、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、以結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系、被動(dòng)語態(tài)相對(duì)較多；漢語，尤其是口頭表達(dá)中，短句較多、結(jié)構(gòu)較松散、邏輯關(guān)系通過語序、語氣、語意等體現(xiàn)、無主語句多、同義重復(fù)多、被動(dòng)語態(tài)少。在口譯中，為更符合兩種語言的口頭表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)木浞ㄞD(zhuǎn)換，主要包括：增補(bǔ)、省略、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、正反變通和句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等。

1．增補(bǔ)

英譯漢時(shí)，增補(bǔ)往往是出于漢語修辭的需要，并且使譯文更自然，如：
1）We're also a nation awakened to service, and citizenship, and compassion.
我們的國家也是一個(gè)被為國效勞的精神、公民義務(wù)和同情心所喚醒的國家。
2）The moment the second plane hit the second building---when we knew it was a terrorist attack---many felt that our lives would never be the same.
當(dāng)?shù)诙茱w機(jī)撞上第二座大樓的那一刻，也就是我們知道這是一次恐怖主義襲擊的那一刻，很多人已意識(shí)到我們的生活再也不會(huì)與從前一樣。
3）Some theaters can be resolved through diplomacy and dialogue.
在有些戰(zhàn)場，可以通過外交渠道，以對(duì)話的方式解決問題。

漢譯英時(shí)，增補(bǔ)主要是補(bǔ)主語、物主代詞、連詞、介詞、冠詞，以及注釋性的詞語。如：
1） 很高興來到曼谷出席本次會(huì)議。
It is a great pleasure for me to come to Bangkok and join you in this meeting.
2） 值得欣慰的是，我們所在的亞太地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展保持了良好勢(shì)頭，前景看好。
It is gratifying to know that our Asia-Pacific region has maintained a sound momentum of economic growth with a positive prospect of future expansion.
3） 我們要堅(jiān)持相互尊重、增強(qiáng)互信、求同存異，以對(duì)話和協(xié)商的方式解決存在的問題，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。
We should increase mutual trust on the basis of mutual respect, seek common ground while putting aside differences, and work to resolve whatever problems there might be through dialogue and consultation in a joint effort to maintain peace and stability in the region.
4） 綜合分析，今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)是有把握實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
We are confident that, on balance, our targets for economic and social development this year will be met.

2．省略

就是去掉一些不符合目的語思維習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞或短語，使譯文簡潔明快。英文中大量的虛詞，漢語中的同義反復(fù)都可以省略。例如：
1）The government has a responsibility to protect our citizens---and that starts with homeland security.
政府有責(zé)任保護(hù)我國公民——首先要保護(hù)國土安全。
2）We will defend the values of our country, and we will live by them.
我們將捍衛(wèi)我國的價(jià)值觀，并按照這些價(jià)值觀去生活。
3）中國永遠(yuǎn)是維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的積極力量。
China will forever be a force dedicated to world peace and common development.
4）我們應(yīng)積極推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展，使發(fā)展具有更加堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
We should work hard to promote a coordinated development of the economy and society, and of cities and rural areas, and a harmonious coexistence between man and nature so as to rest development on a more solid basis.
5）與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展水平還是比較落后的。
Compared with the developed countries, our economic and cultural developments remain quite backward.

3．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

漢語動(dòng)詞十分豐富，而英語中大量使用介詞、連詞和分詞。在翻譯時(shí)進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，能使譯文更自然流暢、更符合目的語的習(xí)慣、更能體現(xiàn)目的語的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)。如：
1）The Chinese government can be very helpful.
中國政府能提供很多幫助。
2）This is the 30th anniversary of President Nixon's first visit to China.
這是尼克松總統(tǒng)第一次訪問中國的30周年紀(jì)念。
3）I am sincere in my desire to meet him.
我真誠地希望與他會(huì)晤。
4）集中力量發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、改善人民生活是我們長期的中心任務(wù)。
To focus on economic development and improvements of people's livelihoods is our long-term central task.
5）事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，而且將繼續(xù)證明，中國是維護(hù)世界、地區(qū)和平的堅(jiān)定力量。
Facts have proven already, and will continue to prove that China is a staunch force dedicated to the maintenance of peace in the region and the world, at large.

4．正反變通

主要指肯定與否定、主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)以及先后順序可以在口譯中正反變通，靈活處理。例如：
1）I could not agree more with you.
我完全同意您的觀點(diǎn)。
2）The meeting will resume after the delegates have met privately.
會(huì)議還要繼續(xù)，但代表們先要私下里碰碰頭。
3）None of us would ever wish the evil that has been done to our country.
我們誰也不希望我們的國家遭受如此邪惡之舉。
4）在中國進(jìn)入世貿(mào)組織方面，我認(rèn)為實(shí)際上我們的差距已經(jīng)是很小很小了。
On the question of China's accession into the WTO, in my view, the gap between the two sides is really not very significant.
5）我們衷心希望美國和朝鮮能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行接觸。
We sincerely hope that the contacts between US and DPRK will be resumed.
6）他還要做幾個(gè)關(guān)于金融方面的講座，然后才回去。
He will give a few more lectures on finance before he goes back home.

5．句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整

主要包括短語與句子的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，以及對(duì)原句的拆分和重新組合。例如：
1）It is a complex relationship. But it is a relationship that increasingly will be based on friendship, on trust, on working together, on working through problems, on being candid with each other when we have disagreements, and some people have called it a partnership in the past.
這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的關(guān)系，但它將會(huì)建立在友誼和信任的基礎(chǔ)上、建立在共同努力解決問題的基礎(chǔ)上、建立在遇到分歧時(shí)坦誠相待的基礎(chǔ)上，并不斷發(fā)展。過去，有人稱之為“伙伴關(guān)系”。
2）We've taken a look at the world and we realize that the world we're living in, the cold war world, is over and the large numbers of nuclear weapons that we all are pointing at each other, that large number is no longer necessary.
我們對(duì)世界的觀察使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們所生活的世界已經(jīng)不是冷戰(zhàn)世界，我們互相指向?qū)Ψ降拇罅亢宋淦鞑辉偈潜匦璧牧恕?br />3）Now I look for peace, not wearing a uniform, but wearing a suit.
我現(xiàn)在沒有穿軍裝，穿著西裝，但我同樣向往和平。
4）商務(wù)旅行卡計(jì)劃是亞太經(jīng)合組織為工商界辦實(shí)事的一個(gè)重要體現(xiàn)，受到工商界的普遍歡迎。
The APEC Business Travel Card Scheme, which is well received in the business communities, shows what APEC can accomplish if it really wants to help.
5）亞太經(jīng)合組織是聯(lián)系太平洋兩岸的重要紐帶，為各成員開展合作提供了重要舞臺(tái)。
As a powerful bond that brings the two sides of the Pacific Ocean together, APEC provides its members with an important stage for cooperation.