篇章練習(xí)（一）

Globalization has had a major influence on government behavior. The extent to which government in different political systems accepted the rules of globalization is quite remarkable. It has carried with it great benefits for China and for Asia, but, at the same time, has involved serious risks and costs.1

Globalization involves both the organization of industry and the structure of the financial markets.2 //

We have had global corporations for decades. Once, a global corporation with subsidiaries in a number of countries would have those subsidiaries organized as a mirror image of itself.3 While many international companies are still organized in this traditional manner, change is under way and corporations who move too slowly will be left behind. //

Now a globalized company will have quite a different structure. The products or services may be the same. But instead of separating national units in different countries, there will be only one selling unit---the world. Some aspects of corporate activity will obviously be organized locally but the main frame ofthe corporation will be organized on a global basis, sourcing different production components from the best current source. //

The new global organization of industry has consequences for social policy.4 Many governments would have conducted policies designed to see that workers gained a fair share of the returns of an enterprise. With the globalization of industry, such policies are much more difficult to sustain. Governments now tend to arguer for lower wages, for smaller workforces, to maximize the competitiveness of their particular country as a home for global investment.5 //

文章翻譯

全球化對(duì)政府行為有著重要的影響。不同政治體系下的政府對(duì)全球化規(guī)則的接受程度有著巨大差別。中國(guó)和亞洲從全球化的機(jī)遇中獲取了巨大的利益，同時(shí)也付出了巨大的代價(jià)，面臨著巨大的危險(xiǎn)。

全球化浪潮不僅席卷了產(chǎn)業(yè)組織，而且也影響了金融市場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。//

全球性公司的產(chǎn)生已有幾十年的歷史了。當(dāng)一家全球性的公司在許多國(guó)家設(shè)立子公司時(shí)，這些子公司通常是其母公司的小型翻版。現(xiàn)在，許多國(guó)際公司仍然遵循這一傳統(tǒng)的組織模式，但變化正在發(fā)生，行動(dòng)緩慢的公司將被甩在后面。//

現(xiàn)在的全球性公司將具有完全不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。其產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)或許不變，但是它的銷(xiāo)售單位不再以國(guó)別劃分，而且銷(xiāo)售單位只有一個(gè)—即全世界。雖然公司的某些活動(dòng)要由各地的子公司組織，但公司的總框架則在全球基礎(chǔ)上建立，從現(xiàn)有的最佳資源中獲得不同的生產(chǎn)要素。//

新的產(chǎn)業(yè)全球化組織對(duì)社會(huì)政策也產(chǎn)生了影響。許多政府執(zhí)行的政策都旨在使雇員從企業(yè)的收益中獲得公正的分配。隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)的全球化，這種政策越來(lái)越難以維持了。現(xiàn)在，政府傾向于主張降低工資、縮小勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模，以便最大化地提高本國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力以吸引全球投資。//