三.將下列段落譯為英語(yǔ)（25分）

雖然導(dǎo)致不平等的原因很多，但我們可以大體上把它們分為三類。一類是社會(huì)條件或家庭出身，例如在中國(guó)，與出生于貧困農(nóng)村的人們相比，一個(gè)出生在大城市的人通常擁有更多的收入和更好的社會(huì)處境。另外一類是自然天賦，有些人天生聰明或健壯，有些人則天生愚笨或孱弱，前者一般也會(huì)比后者擁有更多的收入并處于更好的狀況。最后一類是抱負(fù)和努力程度，在其他條件相同的情況下，更有抱負(fù)和更努力的人們通常也會(huì)有更多的收入。

The causes of inequality are many and varied, and may be broadly grouped into three factors. The first is social condition or family background. In China, for example, someone born and bred in the city usually earns a higher income and enjoys better social services. The second is aptitude. The cleverer or stronger ones usually earn more and enjoy better conditions than the lesser endowed. The final one is ambition and diligence. All things being equal, someone who aims higher and works harder often earns more.

四.將下列短文譯為英語(yǔ)（50分）

從1750年以來(lái)，世界進(jìn)行了四次工業(yè)革命：第一次就是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命，中國(guó)失去了機(jī)會(huì)。第二次是十九世紀(jì)下半葉美國(guó)的工業(yè)革命，中國(guó)也同樣失去了機(jī)會(huì)。第三次工業(yè)革命，是20世紀(jì)后半葉出現(xiàn)的信息革命。當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人敏銳地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一重大歷史變化，中國(guó)抓住了這次信息革命的重大機(jī)遇。
進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)，人類迎來(lái)了第四次工業(yè)革命——綠色工業(yè)革命。可以說(shuō)這一次全球減排，就是綠色工業(yè)革命的標(biāo)志。我們希望這一次工業(yè)革命中國(guó)要成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、創(chuàng)新者和驅(qū)動(dòng)者，和美國(guó)和歐盟和日本站在同一起跑線上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這場(chǎng)革命。今后中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人面臨兩大迫切問題：一是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，即從高碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)；二是如何參與全球治理，即從國(guó)家治理轉(zhuǎn)向地區(qū)治理、全球治理。
Since 1750, the world has seen four industrial revolutions. The first one took place in Britain; and China missed the boat. The second one occurred in the latter half of the 19th century; and China missed the boat. The third one was driven by the revolution in communication technology in the second half of the 20th Century. This time, Chinese leaders realized that it was a historic moment of change, and China caught the wave.
The 21st century is receiving the Fourth Industrial Revolution-the Green Revolution, symbolized by this global move to reduce emission. This time, we hope that China can be the innovator, the leader and driver running head-to-head with the U.S., Europe and Japan. To achieve this, China has to accomplish two things transition from a high carbon economy to a low carbon economy; second, participation in global governance. i.e., to shift its focus from national governance to regional and global governance.