評論
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解析：
71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.
第二、句子主干結構是：主句+ for +原因狀語從句。
1)主句是強調句it was... that...被強調部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past
2) for...引導的原因狀語從句是一個系表結構，what they were seeing是從句中的主語，that...是名詞表語the patterns and structures的定語從句。
第三、詞的處理：
even more important (省略)更為重要的是
the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結構
15 billion years ago 150億年前
完整的譯文：
但更為重要的是，這是科學家們所能觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
第二、句子的主干結構是一個簡單句。
1)整體結構是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是過去分詞短語作插入語，說明前面的名詞the Big Bang
3)后面的不定式短語是補語。
第三、詞的處理：
the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云
virtually 事實上，實際上，實質上
the Big Bang 大爆炸理論
first put forward 首創的，開始提出的
in the 1920s 二十年代
to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位
explanation of the cosmos 對宇宙(起源論)的解釋
完整的譯文：
巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十年代首創的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所必不可少的。
73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.
第二、句子主干結構是：
1)主語+并列謂語Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分詞短語working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主語的定語。
第三、詞的處理：
working with 使用，以……為工作手段
ground-based detectors 陸基探測器
the South Pole 南極
balloon-borne instruments 球載儀器
are closing in on 正越來越近
structures 云系
findings 觀測結果
完整的譯文：
天體物理學家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系，也許不久會報告他們的觀測結果。
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
第二、句子的結構：
1)主干結構是“If引導的條件句，主句”。
2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和預想的一樣”。
3)another scientific idea和后面的短語a refinement of the Big Bang是同位語關系。
4)過去分詞短語called the inflationary universe theory作定語，修飾the Big Bang.
第三、詞的處理：
the small hot spots 小熱點
refinement 更完美，提煉，改進
the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨脹說(理論)
完整的譯文：
假如那些小熱點看上去同預計的一致，那就意味著又一科學論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
第二、句子的結構：
1)主干結構是倒裝的讓步狀語從句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd
2) consequence前后有多重定語。
3) and many astrophysicists have been convinced為被動結構。
4) that it is true是賓語從句。
第三、詞的處理：
cosmic inflation 宇宙膨脹說
scientifically plausible consequence 科學上可信的推論
in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理學
convinced 被說服，相信
for the better part of a decade 七八年來
完整的譯文：
宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學中一些公認的理論在科學上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學家七八年來一直認為這一論說是正確的。
