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A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into intimate, honest direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels his energies into living up to their expectations.
失敗者不善于表達和接受感情。他不跟別人建立親密而真誠的直接關系。相反，他試圖操縱別人使之按自己的心愿行事，同時盡力實現他人的期望。
When a person wants to discover and change his "losing streak," when he wants to become more like the winner he was born to be, he can use gestalt-type experiments and transactional analysis to make change happen. These are two new, exciting, psychological approaches to human problems. The first was given new life by Dr. Frederick Perls; the second was developed by Dr. Eric Berne.
當一個人想要發(fā)現并改變自己“失敗的個性特征”，當他想要變得更像他生來就應該是的勝者時，他可以使用格式塔式實驗和相互作用分析以促使改變發(fā)生。這是解決人的問題的兩種新的令人激動的心理學方法。第一種方法由弗雷德里克·帕爾斯博士注入了新的生機；第二種方法則是由埃里克·伯恩發(fā)明的。
Perls was born in Germany in 1893 and left the country when Hitler came into power. Berne was born in Montreal in 1910. Both men were trained as Freudian psychoanalysts ; both broke away from the use of orthodox psychoanalysis; both found their greatest popularity and acceptance in the United States.
帕爾斯1893年生于德國，希特勒上臺后離開了自己的國家。伯恩1910年生于蒙特利爾。兩個人經過專門訓練都成了信奉弗洛伊德學說的精神分析學家；后來又都放棄了正統的精神分析治療法；又都在美國贏得了最高的聲譽，獲得了最廣泛的承認。
