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When Sean Rafferty first worked in a food store 40 years ago, anything that was not sold got thrown out.
40年前，當肖恩·拉弗蒂第一次在食品店工作時，沒有賣出去的東西都會被扔掉。
But on a recent day at his store near the New York City area, he was preparing boxes of bread, vegetables, and milk products to be picked up by a food bank.
但最近的一天，在他位于紐約市附近的商店里，他準備好幾箱面包、蔬菜和奶制品，以讓一家食品銀行來領取。
It is part of a program in New York State requiring larger businesses to donate food, and, if possible, reusing small, leftover pieces of food.
這是紐約州一項計劃的一部分，該計劃要求大型企業捐贈食物，并在可能的情況下重復利用剩余食物。
New York is among a growing number of states trying to limit food waste.
美國越來越多的州試圖限制食品廢物，紐約州就是其中之一。
They are concerned that it is taking up space in landfills and adding to global warming.
他們擔心，這會占用垃圾填埋場的空間，并加劇全球變暖。
A landfill is a place for putting garbage.
垃圾填埋場是放置垃圾的地方。
Food waste including meat and vegetables releases methane gas after being put in a landfill.
包括肉類和蔬菜在內的食品廢物被放入垃圾填埋場后會釋放出甲烷氣體。
And saving unwanted food helps to feed hungry families.
而節約不需要的食物有助于養活饑餓的家庭。
Worldwide, about a third of food is wasted.
在世界范圍內，大約三分之一的食物被浪費。
In the United States, it is 40 percent.
在美國，這一比例為40%。
The U.S. spends about $218 billion each year growing and producing food that is wasted.
美國每年花費約2180億美元種植和生產被浪費的糧食。
About 57 million metric tons goes to waste, including 47.5 million metric tons that ends up in landfills.
大約有5700萬公噸食物被浪費，其中4750萬公噸最終被放入垃圾填埋場。
"What's shocking to people often is not only how much we waste ... but also the impact," said Emily Broad Leib.
埃米莉·布羅德·萊布說：“令人震驚的不僅是我們浪費了多少食物……還有其影響。”
She is a Harvard University professor and director of the school's Food Law and Policy Clinic.
她是哈佛大學教授，也是該校食品法律和政策診所的主任。
"Food waste causes about 8 percent to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions."
“食品廢物所產生的溫室氣體約占全球溫室氣體排放量的8%至10%。”
In 2015, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency announced a goal of 50 percent food waste reduction by 2030.
2015年，美國農業部和環境保護局宣布了到2030年將食品廢物減少50%的目標。
That has led to a number of state government efforts, along with smaller, nonprofit efforts.
這導致州政府采取了一系列措施，以及規模較小的非營利性舉措。
Ten American states and Washington, D.C. have passed legislation or created policies to reduce, compost or donate waste.
美國十個州和華盛頓特區已經通過立法或制定政策來減少食品廢物、將食品廢物轉化為堆肥或捐贈食物。
The states of California and Vermont have programs for turning people's food waste into compost or energy.
加利福尼亞州和佛蒙特州都有將人們的食品廢物轉化為堆肥或能源的計劃。
Connecticut requires businesses, including larger food sellers and supermarkets, to reuse food waste.
康涅狄格州要求企業，包括大型食品銷售商和超市，重新利用食品廢物。
Farmers in Maryland can get a tax credit of up to $5,000 per farm for food they donate.
馬里蘭州的農民如果捐贈食物，每個農場可以獲得高達5000美元的稅收抵免。
Several states have joined New York in creating systems for food donation.
一些州加入了紐約州的行列，建立了食物捐贈系統。
Rhode Island requires food sellers servicing schools and universities to donate any unused food to food banks.
羅德島州要求為學校和大學提供服務的食品銷售商將未使用的食品捐贈給食品銀行。
And Massachusetts limits the amount of food that businesses can send to landfills.
馬薩諸塞州限制了企業可以送往垃圾填埋場的食品數量。
As of late October, New York had sent 2.3 million kilograms of food, about 4 million meals, through its Feeding New York State program.
截至10月底，紐約州已通過其“供養紐約州”計劃運送了230萬公斤食物，約合400萬頓飯。
The program supports the state's 10 area food banks and is hoping to double that number next year.
該計劃支持該州的10個地區食品銀行，并希望明年將這一數字翻一番。
"Certainly, we should be reducing the amount we waste to start with, but then we should be feeding people before we throw food away…" said Sally Rowland.
莎莉·羅蘭說：“當然，我們應該從減少浪費開始，但在扔掉食物之前，我們應該先讓人們有飯吃。”
She is with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation.
她在紐約環境保護局工作。
Despite New York's success, some worry not enough is being done to meet the 2030 goal.
盡管紐約取得了成功，但一些人擔心，要實現2030年的目標，他們做得還不夠。
Broad Leib and others have called for a national effort to coordinate the various state and local policies.
布羅德·萊布和其他人呼吁全國努力協調各州和地方的各種政策。
Kathryn Bender is a University of Delaware assistant professor of economics.
凱瑟琳·本德爾是特拉華大學經濟學助理教授。
She said donation programs are helpful.
她說，捐贈計劃是有幫助的。
But she worries they might put the responsibility on nonprofits, instead of businesses.
但她擔心他們可能會把責任推給非營利組織，而不是企業。
"The best solution for food waste is to not have it in the first place," Bender said.
本德爾說：“解決食品廢物問題的最好辦法就是從一開始就不要浪費食物。”
"If we don't need to produce all that food, let's not put all the resources into producing that food."
“如果我們不需要生產所有這些食物，那就不要把所有資源都投入到生產食物上。”
I'm Faith Pirlo.
費斯·皮爾洛為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
