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An international report shows increased use of landmines in Ukraine and Myanmar led to sharp rises in casualties in those countries last year.
一份國際報告顯示，烏克蘭和緬甸地雷使用量的增加導致去年這兩個國家的傷亡人數急劇上升。
International Campaign to Ban Landmines created the report, called Landmine Monitor 2023.
國際禁止地雷運動發布了這份名為《2023年地雷監測》的報告。
The Switzerland-based group provides research and monitoring services on world land mine use.
這個總部位于瑞士的組織提供有關世界地雷使用情況的研究和監測服務。
The group is a coalition of non-governmental organizations supported by the group Human Rights Watch.
該組織是由人權觀察組織支持的非政府組織共同組成的聯盟。
The devices studied in the report are known as anti-personnel mines.
報告中研究的裝置被稱為殺傷人員地雷。
This means the mines are built to target humans, not tanks or other military equipment.
意思是這些地雷的目標是人類，而不是坦克或其他軍事裝備。
The report states that Russia "used antipersonnel mines extensively in Ukraine since its all-out invasion of the country in February 2022."
報告稱，俄羅斯“自2022年2月全面入侵烏克蘭以來，在烏克蘭大量使用了殺傷人員地雷”。
The document notes Russia is not part of an international treaty that bans the use of antipersonnel landmines.
該文件指出，俄羅斯沒有簽署禁止使用殺傷人員地雷的國際條約。
The anti-personnel mine ban agreement was completed in 1997.
1997年通過了《禁止殺傷人員地雷公約》。
The United States is not a party to it.
美國不是該條約的締約國。
The report also found evidence that Ukraine, which is part of the mine ban treaty, had used anti-personnel mines in and around the cities of Izium and Kharkiv.
報告還發現，有證據表明，簽署該禁雷公約的烏克蘭曾在伊久姆和哈爾科夫及其周邊地區使用殺傷人員地雷。
It said the mines were found as Russian forces battled Ukrainian troops in the areas.
該報告稱，這些地雷是在俄羅斯軍隊與烏克蘭軍隊在該地區交戰時發現的。
The Campaign to Ban Landmines recorded 4,710 injuries and deaths in 2022 around the world.
根據國際禁止地雷運動的記錄，2022年全球有4710人傷亡。
This was down from 5,544 casualties in the year before.
這比前一年的5544人有所下降。
But in Ukraine, the number of civilian casualties from landmines went from 60 in 2021 to about 600 in 2022.
但在烏克蘭，地雷造成的平民傷亡人數從2021年的60人增加到2022年的約600人。
Mark Hiznay is with Human Rights Watch and helped write the new report.
馬克·希茲奈供職于人權觀察組織，幫助撰寫了這份新報告。
He expressed concern about Russia's use of landmines in its military operations in Ukraine.
他對俄羅斯在針對烏克蘭的軍事行動中使用地雷表示擔憂。
Hiznay said it was the first time since the mine ban treaty was approved that a country that is not part of the treaty, Russia, had used such weapons against a treaty member, Ukraine.
希茲奈說，這是自禁雷公約獲得批準以來，非該條約締約國俄羅斯首次對該條約締約國烏克蘭使用此類武器。
Hiznay said Russia began using landmines in 2014 in support of pro-Russian separatist forces in the disputed Donbas area of eastern Ukraine.
希茲奈說，俄羅斯從2014年開始在烏克蘭東部有爭議的頓巴斯地區使用地雷，以支持親俄分裂勢力。
"Russia has made extensive use of landmines in places like Afghanistan and Chechnya," he said.
他說：“俄羅斯在阿富汗和車臣等地大量使用地雷”。
Hiznay said he believed Russia had supplied 35 or 38 different countries with landmines over the years.
希茲奈說，他認為俄羅斯多年來向35或38個不同國家提供了地雷。
Ukraine has said it would look into accusations from a Human Rights Watch report.
烏克蘭表示，其將調查人權觀察組織報告中的指控。
The report provided details of "numerous cases" of Ukrainian forces deploying banned anti-personnel mines in its war with Russia.
該報告詳細說明了烏克蘭軍隊在與俄羅斯的戰爭中部署被禁殺傷人員地雷的“許多案例”。
The report said 85 percent of casualties from landmines and "exploded remnants of war" last year were civilians.
報告稱，去年地雷和“戰爭遺留爆炸物”造成的傷亡者中有85%是平民。
About half of the casualties were children.
大約一半的傷亡者是兒童。
The highest number of casualties, 834, was recorded in Syria in 2022.
傷亡人數最多的是2022年敘利亞的834人。
This was followed by Ukraine with 608 casualties, and Yemen and Myanmar, which each recorded more than 500 casualties in 2022.
緊隨其后的是烏克蘭，傷亡人數為608人，也門和緬甸在2022年的傷亡人數均超過500人。
In Myanmar, Hiznay said the government has been using anti-personnel landmines since 1999.
希茲奈說，緬甸政府自1999年以來一直在使用殺傷人員地雷。
But that changed in recent years.
但近年來情況發生了變化。
"It is just bigger," Hiznay said.
希茲奈說：“地雷使用量更大了”。
"You have more use by the government forces and more use by various non-state armed groups."
“緬甸政府軍和各種非國家武裝組織的地雷使用量都在加大。”
Currently, 164 countries have signed onto the mine ban treaty, which bars the use, storage, production, and transport of anti-personnel mines.
目前，已有164個國家簽署了禁止使用、儲存、生產和運輸殺傷人員地雷的《禁止殺傷人員地雷公約》。
The report said 30 states who are part of the treaty have cleared all mined areas from their territory since the treaty came into force.
報告稱，自該公約生效以來，30個締約國已經清除了其領土上的所有雷區。
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布萊恩·林恩為您播報。
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