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The world this week--Business
本周國際要聞--商業
Donald Trump carried out his threat to impose tariffs of 25% on most goods imported to the United States from Canada and Mexico (he gave the car industry a one-month reprieve).
唐納德·特朗普兌現了他的威脅，將對從加拿大和墨西哥進口到美國的大多數商品征收25%的關稅(他給了汽車業一個月的緩期)。
He also increased the tariffs America imposes on Chinese exports from 10% to 20%, which are in addition to US trade duties that China is already subjected to.
他還將對從中國出口到美國的商品征收的關稅從10%提高到20%，在中國已經被美國征收關稅的基礎上他還要這么做。
The American president warned that he would soon also introduce “reciprocal tariffs” on any country with “unfair” trade imbalances.
這位美國總統警告說，他很快也會對任何存在“不公平”貿易不平衡的國家征收“互惠關稅”。
Canada’s prime minister, Justin Trudeau, said the tariffs were “a dumb thing” and imposed retaliatory levies on a range of American products, including peanut butter.
加拿大總理賈斯汀·特魯多表示，這些關稅是“愚蠢的東西”，并對包括花生醬在內的一系列美國產品征收報復性關稅。
China also applied counter-measures and Mexico said it would react soon.
中國也采取了反制措施，墨西哥表示將很快做出反應。
Mr Trump says his tariffs policy will bring only “a little disturbance” to the American economy.
特朗普表示，他的關稅政策只會給美國經濟帶來“一點風波”。
Markets think otherwise.
市場卻不這么認為。
The S&P 500 and NASDAQ Composite fell sharply and are back to where they were when Mr Trump was elected, wiping out their gains since November.
標準普爾指數和納斯達克綜合指數大幅下跌，目前已回跌到特朗普當選時的水平，抵銷了自去年11月以來的漲幅。
The Stoxx Europe 600 and German DAX also fell heavily.
斯托克歐洲600指數和德國DAX指數也大幅下跌。
Various companies, including Target, warned that the tariffs would lead to higher costs and hurt profits.
包括塔吉特在內的多家公司警告稱，關稅將導致成本上升，損害利潤。
Meanwhile, some economists weighed the risk of recession from the trade war.
與此同時，一些經濟學家權衡了貿易戰帶來的經濟衰退風險。
The European Central Bank cut interest rates again, reducing its deposit facility by a quarter of a percentage point, to 2.5%.
歐洲央行再次降息，將存款利率下調0.25個百分點，至2.5%。
The bank said the “disinflation process is well on track.”
該銀行表示，“通縮進程正在順利進行。”
But with the euro area’s economy already flatlining before America’s new tariffs came into effect, markets think it was the last rate cut for a while.
但在美國新關稅生效之前，歐元區經濟已經停滯不前，市場認為這是一段時間內的最后一次降息。
Mr Trump suggested that TSMC, based in Taiwan and a global powerhouse in chipmaking, would avoid tariffs, after it decided to invest an extra $100bn in America and open three new factories in addition to the one that is set to start full production this year.
特朗普暗示，總部位于臺灣的全球芯片制造巨頭臺積電可以免掉關稅，此前該公司決定在美國額外投資1000億美元，并在將于今年全面投產的工廠之外再開設三家新工廠。
TSMC describes it as the single largest foreign direct-investment ever in America.
臺積電稱這是有史以來在美國最大的一筆外國直接投資。
Mr Trump used the announcement to call for ditching Joe Biden’s CHIPS Act, arguing that the subsidies it provides are a “horrible, horrible thing”.
特朗普利用這一聲明呼吁廢除喬·拜登的《芯片法案》，辯稱該法案提供的補貼是“非常非常可怕的事情”。
Anthropic, the startup behind the Claude generative artificial-intelligence models, raised $3.5bn in its latest round of fund-raising, tripling its valuation to $61.5bn.
克勞德生成性人工智能模型背后的初創公司Anthropic在最新一輪融資中籌集了35億美元，使其估值增加了兩倍，至615億美元。
Anthropic is backed by Amazon and Google as well as venture capitalists.
Anthropic得到了亞馬遜和谷歌以及風險資本家的支持。
It recently released Claude 3.7 Sonnet, which it describes as the “first hybrid reasoning model on the market”, allowing users to choose when it should answer normally and when it should “think” longer before answering.
它最近發布了克勞德3.7 Sonnet，它將其描述為“市場上第一個混合推理模型”，讓用戶可以選擇何時應該正常回答，什么時候應該在回答之前更長時間地“思考”。
A federal judge rejected Elon Musk’s request for a preliminary injunction to stop OpenAI’s attempt to change its status from non-profit to for-profit, but said she would fast-track his case this year.
一名聯邦法官拒絕了埃隆·馬斯克的初步禁令請求，以阻止OpenAI試圖將其從非營利性組織改為營利性組織，但表示她今年將快速審理他的案件。
Mr Musk was one of the startup’s founders but has been feuding with it for years over what he claims is a shift away from its original intention to work for the good of humanity.
馬斯克是這家初創公司的創始人之一，但他多年來一直與該公司爭執不下，因為他聲稱該公司偏離了為人類謀福利的初衷。
Apple reportedly started a legal challenge in Britain to the government’s order to create a back-door for British intelligence to its encrypted cloud services.
據報道，蘋果公司在英國發起了對政府命令的法律挑戰，該命令為英國情報機構創建了一個后門，以訪問其加密的云服務。
The company recently withdrew its Advanced Data Protection tool for the iCloud from the British market rather than accede to that order.
該公司最近從英國市場召回了適用于iCloud的高級數據保護工具，而不是同意這一命令。
Donald Trump has likened the British request to access private data of Apple users to the practices of the Chinese state.
唐納德·特朗普將英國要求訪問蘋果用戶私人數據的做法與中國政府的做法相提并論。
Microsoft is shutting down Skype, the video-calling service that it bought in 2011.
微軟將關閉2011年收購的視頻通話服務Skype。
Skype came to market in 2003 and was a pioneer in enabling video chats across the globe, but it has since been eclipsed by smartphones, Google Meet, Zoom and the like.
Skype于2003年進入市場，是在全球范圍內實現視頻聊天的先驅，但自那以來，它已被智能手機、Google Meet、Zoom等公司比下去了。
Oil prices tumbled to three-year lows, as markets speculated that Mr Trump’s trade war would hurt the global economy.
市場猜測特朗普的貿易戰將損害全球經濟，油價暴跌至三年低點。
Another factor was the unexpected decision by OPEC+ to proceed with a plan to raise output in April.
另一個因素是OPEC+出人意料地決定在4月份繼續實施增產計劃。
The cartel had hitherto placed curbs on production to boost prices.
到目前為止，OPEC+一直在限制產量，以提振價格。
Its announcement may be designed to pre-empt another clash with Donald Trump, who wants to see a big drop in the commodity’s price.
它的聲明可能是為了防止與唐納德·特朗普的另一場沖突，特朗普希望看到這種大宗商品的價格大幅下跌。
