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The world this week--Business
本周國際要聞--商業
Spirit Airlines filed for bankruptcy protection, the first big carrier in America to go bust since American Airlines in 2011.
精神航空公司（Spirit Airlines）申請破產保護，這是自2011年美國航空公司破產以來，美國第一家破產的大型航空公司。
Spirit, a low-cost airline, has not made an annual profit since 2019 and, like other discount rivals, has seen ticket prices plunge amid a surplus of seats.
低成本的航空公司精神航空自2019年以來一直沒有實現年度盈利，與其他打折的競爭對手一樣，在座位過剩的情況下，機票價格暴跌。
In January a judge blocked its takeover by JetBlue Airways on competition grounds.
今年1月，一名法官以競爭為由阻止了捷藍航空對精神航空的收購。
A mooted merger with Frontier Airlines also came to naught.
與邊疆航空（Frontier Airlines）的擬議合并也無果而終。
Spirit regularly features at the top of lists of America’s most hated airline, a crowded field.
精神航空經常出現在美國最令人討厭的航空公司名單之首，這個領域有很多公司臭名昭著。
America’s Department of Justice asked a judge to force Google to sell its Chrome browser.
美國司法部要求法官強制微軟出售其谷歌瀏覽器。
The judge is considering what Google must do to comply with his landmark antitrust ruling, which found that it had used improper means to maintain a monopoly in online search.
法官正在考慮谷歌必須做些什么來遵守具有里程碑意義的反壟斷裁決，該裁決發現谷歌使用了不正當手段來維持在線搜索的壟斷地位。
Google said the government was pursuing a “radical agenda that goes far beyond the legal issues”.
谷歌表示，政府正在推行一項“遠遠超出法律問題的激進議程”。
By next August, well into the Trump administration, the judge will issue a decision on Google’s remedies, which it may then challenge.
到明年8月，也就是特朗普政府上臺很久之后，法官將對谷歌的補救措施做出裁決，然后谷歌又可能會對裁決提出質疑。
Nvidia produced another solid set of earnings.
英偉達又取得了一系列穩定的收益。
The chip company’s revenue rose by 94% in its latest quarter, year on year, to $35.1bn.
這家芯片公司最近一個季度的收入同比增長94%，達到351億美元。
Net profit soared by 109%, to $19.3bn.
凈利潤飆升109%，達到193億美元。
Amid strong demand for its next-generation chips for artificial intelligence, Nvidia forecast that revenue for this quarter would come in at $37.5bn, ahead of Wall Street expectations.
由于市場對其下一代人工智能芯片的需求強勁，英偉達預計本季度營收將達到375億美元，超出華爾街的預期。
The Biden administration finalised an agreement that provides TSMC, which manufactures about three-quarters of the world’s most cutting-edge computer chips for Nvidia and others, with $6.6bn in grants to build factories in America.
拜登政府敲定了一項協議，為臺積電提供66億美元的撥款，用于在美國建廠。臺積電為英偉達和其他公司生產了全球約四分之三的最尖端的計算機芯片。
With an additional $5bn in loans, it is the first big deal to be completed under the Chips Act of 2022.
加上另外50億美元的貸款，這是根據2022年《芯片法案》完成的第一筆大交易。
In October Donald Trump said that the “chip deal is so bad” because it benefits only “rich companies”.
去年10月，唐納德·特朗普表示，“芯片交易太糟糕了”，因為它只會讓“有錢的公司”受益。
Xiaomi, a Chinese company best known for its smartphones, provided an update on its nascent business in electric vehicles.
以智能手機聞名的中國公司小米提供了其新興電動汽車業務的最新情況。
It delivered more than 67,000 of its SU7s in the first nine months of the year, and expects to have delivered 130,000 by the end of December.
今年前9個月，該公司交付了逾6.7萬輛SU7，預計到12月底將交付13萬輛。
Revenue from the ev unit grew by 52% in the third quarter over the second quarter.
第三季度電動汽車部門的收入較第二季度增長了52%。
Volkswagen replaced the head of its business in North America.
大眾汽車更換了北美業務負責人。
The German carmaker wants to expand in America to offset declining sales in China, but its ambitions on that front will become more complicated if Mr Trump imposes stiff tariffs on foreign-made vehicles.
這家德國汽車制造商希望在美國擴張，以抵消在中國銷量的下滑，但如果特朗普對外國制造的汽車征收高額關稅，那它在這方面的雄心將變得更為復雜。
In another indication of the troubled state of European carmaking Ford announced that it was cutting 800 jobs in Britain and 2,900 in Germany, which is already contending with huge lay-offs at VW.
歐洲汽車制造業陷入困境的另一個跡象是，福特宣布將在英國裁員800人，在德國裁員2900人，德國本就疲于應對大眾的大規模裁員。
Thyssenkrupp, a German engineering conglomerate, wrote down the value of its steelmaking business by a further 1bn euros ($1.1bn) and reported a 12-month 1.4bn euro net loss.
德國工程集團蒂森克虜伯將其鋼鐵業務的價值進一步減記10億歐元（11億美元），并報告12個月凈虧損14億歐元。
Daniel Kretinsky, a Czech billionaire with interests in Britain, including an investment in West Ham football club, owns a 20% stake in the steel business and is considering raising it to 50%.
捷克億萬富翁丹尼爾·克雷欽斯基在英國有利益關系，包括對西漢姆足球俱樂部的投資，他持有這家鋼鐵企業20%的股份，并正在考慮將其提高到50%。
