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The world this week--Politics
本周國際要聞--政治
Rachel Reeves, Britain’s chancellor of the exchequer, presented an expansive tax-and-spend budget.
英國財政大臣雷切爾·里夫斯提出了一份大規模的稅收和支出預算。
Taxes will rise by 40bn pounds (That's $52bn; the biggest revenue raiser was an increase in employers’ national-insurance contributions.
稅收將增加400億英鎊(合520億美元；最大的收入來源是增加雇主的國民保險繳費)。
Ms Reeves changed her fiscal rules to enable lots more borrowing for capital investment and unveiled more spending on education, housing and green energy.
里夫斯改變了她的財政規則，允許更多的借款用于資本投資，并公布了在教育、住房和綠色能源方面的更多支出。
The biggest winner was health care, which enjoyed the largest real-terms increase in spending since 2010, outside the pandemic.
最大的贏家是醫療保健，自2010年以來，除疫情外，醫療保健支出的實際增幅最大。
Israeli warplanes targeted Iran’s air-defence systems and missile factories in retaliation for Iran’s missile attack against Israel on October 1st.
以色列戰機襲擊了伊朗的防空系統和導彈工廠，報復伊朗10月1日對以色列發動的導彈襲擊。
Israel confirmed it had struck Iran, the first time it has officially acknowledged a direct strike on its foe.
以色列證實襲擊了伊朗，這是以色列首次正式承認對其敵人進行了直接打擊。
Iran played down the damage.
伊朗淡化了襲擊造成的損害。
America said there would be “consequences” for Iran if it attacked Israel again.
美國表示，如果伊朗再次攻擊以色列，將會承擔“后果”。
Oil prices fell sharply amid relief that Israel had not hit Iranian energy facilities.
以色列沒有襲擊伊朗的能源設施，油價大幅下跌，這讓人松了一口氣。
The Israeli parliament voted to ban UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinians, from operating within Israel.
以色列議會投票禁止聯合國巴勒斯坦機構近東救濟工程處在以色列境內活動。
Nine UNRWA staff were sacked in August for their alleged involvement in Hamas’s terrorist attack on Israel in October last year.
8月，9名近東救濟工程處工作人員因涉嫌參與去年10月哈馬斯對以色列的恐怖襲擊而被解雇。
America’s State Department and a host of ngos urged Israel to reconsider the ban, as UNRWA plays a critical role in delivering aid to Gaza.
美國國務院和許多非政府組織敦促以色列重新考慮這項禁令，因為近東救濟工程處在向加沙運送援助物資方面發揮著關鍵作用。
At least 93 people were killed in an Israeli strike on a building in north Gaza, according to the Hamas-run authorities.
據哈馬斯領導的當局稱，以色列對加沙北部一座建筑的襲擊造成至少93人死亡。
An Israeli operation in Lebanon’s Bekaa valley, a Hizbullah stronghold, killed 60 people, according to the local governor.
據當地省長稱，以色列在黎巴嫩真主黨據點貝卡山谷的一次行動造成60人死亡。
Breakdowns of civilian and combatant casualties were not provided in either case.
這兩次襲擊都沒有提供平民和戰斗人員傷亡的詳細情況。
Hizbullah chose Naim Qassem as its new leader following Israel’s assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and elimination of other senior leaders in the Iranian-backed militia.
真主黨選擇納伊姆·卡西姆成為新的領導人，此前以色列暗殺了哈桑·納斯魯拉，并清除了這個由伊朗支持的民兵組織中的其他高級領導人。
Yoav Gallant, Israel’s defence minister, said Mr Qassem wouldn’t be leader for long.
以色列國防部長約阿夫·加蘭特表示，卡西姆不會長期擔任領導人。
A UN report found that the Rapid Support Forces, one of the two main parties in Sudan’s civil war, was responsible for widespread sexual violence amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity.
聯合國的一份報告發現，蘇丹內戰的兩個主要政黨之一快速支援部隊應對相當于戰爭罪和危害人類罪的廣泛性暴力負責。
The rsf recently stepped up its attacks around Khartoum, the capital, killing hundreds of people, mostly civilians.
快速支援部隊最近加強了對首都喀土穆周圍的襲擊，造成數百人死亡，其中大部分是平民。
Since it began in April 2023, the war in Sudan has displaced more than 14m people, or about 30% of the population.
自2023年4月爆發以來，蘇丹戰爭已經使1400多萬人流離失所，約占該國總人口的30%。
Parts of the country are afflicted by famine.
該國部分地區飽受饑荒之苦。
Botswana held an election.
博茨瓦納舉行了選舉。
The Botswana Democratic Party, which has ruled since 1966, was expected to win.
預計自1966年以來一直執政的博茨瓦納民主黨將獲勝。
Mokgweetsi Masisi, the president, is likely to stay on for a second term.
總統莫貴茨·馬西西可能會連任。
The opposition alliance, which is fractured but popular with young people struggling to find work, has alleged there was vote-rigging.
反對派聯盟雖然四分五裂，但在就業困難的年輕人中很受歡迎，該聯盟聲稱存在選舉舞弊。
Flooding caused by exceptionally heavy rains killed at least 95 people in Spain’s Valencia region in the country’s worst flood-related disaster in decades.
西班牙巴倫西亞地區由特大暴雨引發的洪水造成至少95人死亡，這是該國數十年來最嚴重的洪災。
A year’s worth of rain was recorded falling in one day.
一天記錄到了一年的降雨量。
Official results in Georgia’s parliamentary election suggested the pro-Russian Georgian Dream party had been returned to power with 54% of the vote.
格魯吉亞議會選舉的官方結果顯示，親俄的格魯吉亞夢想黨以54%的得票率重新掌權。
The pro-European opposition coalition refused to accept the result, as allegations of ballot-tampering emerged.
但存在篡改選票的指控，親歐洲的反對黨聯盟拒絕接受選舉結果。
The country’s electoral commission began a recount of votes in randomly selected polling stations.
該國選舉委員會開始在隨機抽取的投票站重新計票。
Georgia’s election follows allegations of Russian meddling in Moldova’s recent poll.
在格魯吉亞舉行選舉之前，有指控稱俄羅斯干預了摩爾多瓦最近的選舉。
Nato confirmed that North Korean troops have been deployed to Russia to to help President Vladimir Putin wage war on Ukraine.
北約證實，朝鮮軍隊已被部署到俄羅斯，以幫助弗拉基米爾·普京對烏克蘭發動的戰爭。
The Pentagon estimates that 10,000 North Koreans are in Russia, some of them located close to the Ukrainian border, and that they could start fighting against Ukrainian troops within a few weeks.
五角大樓估計，有1萬名朝鮮軍人在俄羅斯，其中一些人位于烏克蘭邊境附近，他們可能會在幾周內開始與烏克蘭軍隊作戰。
North Korea test-fired its first intercontinental ballistic missile of the year.
朝鮮試射了今年的第一枚洲際彈道導彈。
The missile flew for 87 minutes, the longest flight yet for the regime’s icbm programme.
導彈飛行了87分鐘，是迄今為止，朝鮮發射的洲際彈道導彈飛行時間最長的一次。
Some analysts think the country may be getting technical help from Russia in in exchange for help with Mr Putin’s invasion of Ukraine.
一些分析人士認為，朝鮮可能正在從俄羅斯獲得技術幫助，以換取朝鮮對普京入侵烏克蘭的幫助。
In a shock result, Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party lost its majority in a parliamentary election.
日本自民黨在議會選舉中失去了多數席位，這個結果令人震驚。
It was a big blow to Ishiba Shigeru, the prime minister, who called the snap poll when he was elected as the ldp’s leader a month ago.
這對首相石破茂來說是一個巨大的打擊。一個月前，石破茂當選自民黨黨魁時，曾呼吁提前舉行投票。
The LDP and its partner, Komeito, took 215 seats in the lower house, short of the 233 needed for a majority and leaving it scrambling to find other parties to support the coalition.
自民黨及其合作伙伴公明黨在眾議院獲得215個席位，低于獲得多數所需的233個席位，這使得自民黨不得不爭搶著尋找其他政黨來支持聯合政府。
A record 73 women were elected to the 465-member chamber.
創紀錄的73名女性被選入465名議員組成的眾議院。
Canada’s deputy foreign-affairs minister told a parliamentary committee that India’s minister of home affairs, Amit Shah, was behind a campaign of violence and intimidation targeting Sikh activists in Canada.
加拿大外交部副部長告訴一個議會委員會，印度內政部長阿米特·沙阿是針對加拿大錫克教徒活動分子的暴力和恐嚇運動的幕后黑手。
No evidence was provided for the claim against Mr Shah, the closest ally of Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister.
但沒有提供證據支持這一指控，沙阿是印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪最親密的盟友。
Relations between Canada and India have soured after the murder last year of a Sikh separatist in Vancouver.
自去年一名錫克分離主義分子在溫哥華被謀殺后，加拿大和印度的關系有所惡化。
Eight of Mexico’s 11 supreme court justices handed in their resignations, to signal they will not stand in elections in June 2025.
墨西哥11名最高法院法官中有8名提交了辭呈，以此表明他們將不會參加2025年6月的選舉。
Under a controversial new judicial reform, judges at all levels in Mexico will be elected rather than appointed.
根據一項有爭議的新司法改革，墨西哥各級法官將由選舉產生，而不是任命。
The reform stipulates that their pensions would be at risk if they did not step down, and then lost the election.
這項改革規定，如果他們不下臺，他們的養老金將面臨風險，然后在選舉中落敗。
Three justices close to Morena, the ruling party, are staying on.
與執政黨莫雷納關系密切的三名法官將留任。
The government of Bolivia denied that it had attempted to assassinate Evo Morales, the country’s former president.
玻利維亞政府否認曾試圖暗殺該國前總統埃沃·莫拉萊斯。
Mr Morales says his car was shot at as he travelled through the centre of the country.
莫拉萊斯說，他的車在穿過該國中部時遭到槍擊。
The interior minister said Mr Morales’s convoy had fired shots at the police and ran over an officer.
內政部長表示，莫拉萊斯的車隊向警察開槍，并碾壓了一名警察。
Mr Morales and Luis Arce, the current president, are feuding over who will lead their party, the Movement for Socialism, into an election in 2025.
莫拉萊斯和現任總統路易斯·阿爾斯正在為誰將領導他們的政黨社會主義運動參加2025年的選舉而爭論不休。
The conservative president of Argentina, Javier Milei, sacked his minister for foreign affairs, Diana Mondino, after she voted at the UN to end America’s embargo against Cuba.
阿根廷保守派總統哈維爾·米雷解雇了外交部長戴安娜·蒙迪諾，此前她在聯合國投票決定結束美國對古巴的禁運。
Since Mr Milei took office last December Argentina had always voted in line with American policy at the un.
自去年12月米雷上任以來，阿根廷在聯合國的投票一直與美國的政策一致。
America’s presidential candidates made their closing arguments ahead of the election on November 5th.
美國總統候選人在11月5日大選前發表了終結辯論。
Kamala Harris labelled Donald Trump a fascist.
卡瑪拉·哈里斯稱唐納德·特朗普為法西斯主義者。
Mr Trump called Ms Harris a “radical left Marxist”.
特朗普稱哈里斯為“激進的左翼馬克思主義者”。
The opinion polls remained neck and neck.
民意調查顯示雙方仍然勢均力敵。
