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Throughout the 19th century,art in many forms was changed by the spreading European cult of progress.
縱觀整個十九世紀，各種形式的藝術都被歐洲進步的狂熱大潮所改變。
Not only on the furthest edges of Empire...
這種改變不止是在帝國偏遠的地方
But also in the capitals of Europe.
也在歐洲國家的首都發生著
Here too, artists were being challenged by rapid social change and by the emergence of new technology.
在這里 因為社會的劇變和新科技的出現 畫家們正面臨挑戰
Like Lindauer's portraits,it would transform the way human beings perceived themselves.
正如林道爾的肖像畫 這些新事物會改變人們的自我認知
The age of the camera and the age of the photograph began on the day Louis-Jacques Daguerre made an image using his new daguerreotype process of a Parisian street.
相機和照片的時代開始于路易·雅克·達蓋爾用他新發明的銀版攝影法拍攝出一張巴黎街頭照的那一天
Now, the exposure time for those early primitive cameras was ten minutes,
那些早期的原始相機曝光時間是十分鐘
far too slow to capture images of the people and the horses and carriages rushing up and down the street.
對捕捉人像 奔馬和在街上穿梭的馬車來說，十分鐘的曝光時間太久了
But one man who stayed still long enough to have his shoes shined became, as far as we know,
但據我們所知 一位靜止不動很久 在街上拋光鞋的人
the first person ever to appear in a photograph.
成為了照片里出現的第一個人像
What this picture doesn't reveal is the disastrous effects of rapid industrialisation on the city -the overcrowding, dirt and disease.
這張照片沒有揭示出來的是城市的急速工業化 所帶來的災難性影響 過度擁擠 臟亂和疾病
But thanks to an ambitious urban planner called Eugene Haussmann,
但歸功于歐仁·奧斯曼 這位雄心勃勃的
Paris was about to be transformed out of all recognition -and the evolving art of photography would be there to capture it.
城市規劃師 巴黎徹底改頭換面了 不斷發展的攝影藝術記錄下了這些
From the 1850s, Charles Marville photographed the city's narrow medieval streets,
從十九世紀五十年代起 查爾斯·馬維爾拍下了城市中狹窄的中世紀街道
just as they and the communities who lived in them were being swept away.
就在這些街道和在這里扎根的社區被一掃而光的時候
They were replaced by Haussmann's grand, spacious boulevards and lined with uniform terraced apartments.
它們被奧斯曼設計的寬闊林蔭大道取代道旁林立著整齊的聯排公寓樓
The reborn city was Europe's acknowledged capital of culture and it was the genius of another pioneer photographer,
這座脫胎換骨的城市是歐洲公認的文化之都 另一位攝影界先驅
known simply as Nadar,to capture the celebrated figures of Parisian high society.
納達爾運用他的攝影天賦記錄下了巴黎上流社會的名流們
These were the world's first great portrait photographs,each one documented with a realism no painter could ever achieve.
這些是世界上首批很棒的人物寫真 每張照片都非常寫實 這是畫家所無法企及的
