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A 15-year dispute over subsidies in the aerospace industry came to a partial climax when the World Trade Organisation ruled that America could levy $7.5bn-worth of tariffs on exports from the European Union because of the illegal aid given to Airbus. Next year the wto will probably approve European penalties on America because of its aid to Boeing. The decision adds to already heightened trade tensions. America said it would start imposing the tariffs on October 18th, of 10% on aircraft and 25% on a range of other goods, including cheese, olives, wine and whiskey.
由于向空客提供非法援助，世界貿易組織裁定美國可對歐盟出口產品征收價值75億美元的關稅，這使得航空業長達15年的補貼爭端達到了部分高潮。明年世貿組織可能會批準歐洲對美國的處罰，因為美國向波音公司提供了援助。這一決定加劇了本已緊張的貿易局勢。美國表示，將從10月18日起對飛機征收10%的關稅，對包括奶酪、橄欖、葡萄酒和威士忌在內的一系列其他商品征收25%的關稅。
Earlier, the WTO said it now expects global trade flows to increase by just 1.2% this year, down from the 2.6% it forecast in April and the slowest pace since the financial crisis. Unresolved trade conflicts have led to greater uncertainty about policy, causing businesses to put off investment. The growth of exports and imports slowed across all regions in the first half of 2019. Meanwhile, an index of American manufacturing fell to its lowest level since June 2009.
早些時候，世貿組織表示，預計今年全球貿易流量將僅增長1.2%，低于4月份預測的2.6%，也是金融危機以來的最低增速。未解決的貿易沖突導致了政策更大的不確定性，導致企業推遲投資。2019年上半年，所有地區的進出口增長均有所放緩。與此同時，美國制造業指數跌至2009年6月以來的最低水平。
The chairman of Credit Suisse said the bank had been wrong to conduct surveillance on Iqbal Khan, a former executive, over fears he would lure away staff and clients. The bank’s chief operating officer, who admitted to acting alone in ordering the operation, and the head of security, resigned. A review by a law firm called in by Switzerland’s second-biggest bank cleared Tidjane Thiam, the chief executive, of any involvement. Mr Thiam had an acrimonious relationship with Mr Khan; the pair reportedly had a blazing row at a cocktail party in January.
瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)董事長表示，該行對前高管伊克巴爾·汗(Iqbal Khan)進行監視是錯誤的，因為擔心他會挖走員工和客戶。該行的首席運營官(他承認是私自下令實施了此次行動)以及安全部門負責人辭職。瑞士第二大銀行召集的一家律師事務所進行的審查表明，首席執行官迪德簡·蒂亞姆(Tidjane Thiam)沒有參與此事。蒂亞姆與伊克巴爾·汗的關系緊張；據報道，這對冤家曾在一月份的雞尾酒會上大吵一架。
Wells Fargo named Charles Scharf as its new chief executive, six months after Tim Sloan resigned in the aftermath of a mis-selling scandal. Mr Scharf has led Bank of New York Mellon and Visa and was a senior executive at JPMorgan Chase during the financial crisis.
富國銀行(Wells Fargo)任命查爾斯·沙夫(Charles Scharf)為新任首席執行官。6個月前，蒂姆·斯隆(Tim Sloan)因不當銷售丑聞辭職。沙夫曾領導紐約梅隆銀行(Bank of New York Mellon)和維薩銀行（Visa），并在金融危機期間擔任摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)高管。
India’s central bankreassured the public that the banking system is “safe and stable and there is no need to panic” as another scandal emerged. Curbs had to be imposed on withdrawals by nervous savers from Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative Bank as it came under scrutiny for financial irregularities. Another bank faced restrictions on its ability to make new loans.
隨著另一起丑聞的曝光，印度央行再次向公眾保證，銀行系統是“安全穩定的，沒有必要恐慌”。由于旁遮普邦和馬哈拉施特拉邦合作銀行(Maharashtra co - operation Bank)受到金融違規行為的審查，緊張不安的儲戶不得不限制提款。另一家銀行在發放新貸款方面受到限制。
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