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原味人文風情：Michelin sends its inspectors to restaurants to eat and award stars: one, two, three.
米其林派出審查員到餐廳用餐并頒發星星：一顆星、兩顆星、三顆星。
Welcome to IAYTD.
歡迎收看IAYTD節目。
Every Wednesday, we focus on select little corners of hobbies and interests that people may not know about.
每周三，我們都會聚焦精選出來的人們可能不太熟悉的一些小眾嗜好與興趣。
This week, we're branching into food and covering Michelin stars.
本周我們要跨足美食界，介紹米其林星級。
You may have heard the name "Michelin" because it's related to Michelin tires.
你或許聽過“米其林”這個名字，因為它和米其林輪胎有關。
See, in the year 1900, the tire manufacturers Andre and Edouard Michelin?created something called a "Michelin Guide."
1900年，輪胎制造商安德烈·米其林和愛德華·米其林制作了一本《米其林指南》。
It was originally meant as a guide specifically for France,
它最初是專門為法國撰寫的指南，
outlining all of the travel destinations and why you should visit them,
簡要介紹了法國所有旅游地點及其參觀原因，
and thus encouraging people to buy cars, which meant more tire sales.
進而鼓勵人們買車，這代表著更多的輪胎銷量。
This guide included gas stations, repair shops, and notable restaurants.
這本指南列有加油站、維修廠和知名餐館。
The Michelin Guide began to cover all sorts of European and North African countries,
《米其林指南》開始進入許多歐洲和北非國家，
but then, the First World War hit and production halted.
但后來第一次世界大戰爆發，出版也就停止了。
After the war, though, the Michelin brothers revamped the guide and began charging for it.
不過在戰后，米其林兄弟重編指南并開始收費。
This revamped guide included hotel listings.
這個修改版的指南列入飯店名單。
It removed advertising?and then began to actually categorize and rate restaurants.
它舍棄廣告，然后開始替餐廳分類和評分。
By the year 1936, they finalized their three-star criteria that they would award to restaurants.
到了1936年，米其林定下他們頒發給餐廳的三星標準。
One Michelin star was classified as "a very good restaurant in its category."
米其林一星被歸為“同類別中出眾的餐廳”。
Two Michelin stars meant "excellent cooking, worth a detour."
米其林二星代表“廚藝高明，值得繞道前往”。
And lastly, three Michelin stars meant "exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey."
最后，米其林三星則是“出類拔萃的料理，值得專程拜訪”。
During the 1940s, the guide took a hiatus during the Second World War,
這本指南在20世紀40年代二戰期間暫停出版，
though their maps were still used for military use,
不過里面的地圖仍被用在軍事上，
seen as the most up-to-date and accurate maps of some areas of France.
被視為描繪法國部分地區最新且最準確的地圖。
Now, fast-forward to now—there are now Michelin Guides for 23 countries.
時間快轉到現在－－目前有二十三個國家有《米其林指南》。
Michelin hires undercover reviewers called "inspectors"?that travel to restaurants secretly and decide their category.
米其林請來被稱為“審查員”的秘密評論家，他們偷偷造訪餐廳并決定餐廳類別。
These inspectors are not even allowed to disclose to their parents their actual line of work,
這群審查員甚至不能向自己的父母透露他們真正的職業，
since parents will likely boast and brag about this.
因為爸媽很可能會去大肆炫耀一番。
So the number of inspectors that actually exist is a mystery.
因此實際上到底有多少審查員是個謎團。
Since the Michelin Guide began in France, it's still a huge deal there.
因為米其林的發源地是法國，這在當地仍是件大事。
French media will debate who will gain and lose stars; there is a lot of speculation.
法國媒體會討論誰會獲得和失去星星；各種猜測滿天飛。
France itself has an incredible number of three-Michelin-star restaurants,
法國本身的米其林三星餐廳數量驚人，
sitting right now at 26,?and 83 two-star, and 485 one-star restaurants.
目前有二十六家，二星餐廳有八十三家，一星餐廳則有四百八十五家。
In second place, we have Japan, which as of 2016 has 13 three-star restaurants.
第二名是日本，日本在2016年有十三家三星餐廳。
This actually caused quite a controversy, though, as these stars seemed to be earned too easily,
但這其實造成了很大爭議，因為這些星級似乎太容易得到了，
and people wondered?if this leniency was due to the Michelin tire brand wanting to market more heavily in Japan.
于是人們在想，這種寬松的評分是不是因為米其林輪胎想在日本更加大力營銷。
To get a three-star rating isn't always a good thing, though.
不過獲得三星級級并非永遠是件好事。
A few restaurants have asked Michelin to revoke their star rating.
有幾家餐廳曾要求米其林撤回他們的星級。
For example, Petersham Nurseries Cafe in London got a star in 2011,
舉例來說，倫敦羅紋絲帶托兒所咖啡館在2011年獲得一星，
but people visiting expected a formal dining experience
但訪客期望有個正式的用餐經驗，
and unrealistic expectations of what the restaurant really was.
且對餐廳真正的樣子抱有不切實際的期待。
Some restaurants in Japan also turned it down
日本有些餐廳同樣回絕米其林，
because they wouldn't be able to keep up their quality of food with such a drastic jump in popularity.
因為他們無法讓食物質量跟上突然暴增的知名度。
The most celebrated chef in the guide, with 25 stars total, is Joel Robuchon.
《米其林指南》中最著名的主廚是喬爾·侯布匈，他總共有二十五顆星星。
What does he think of the guide, though?
不過他對這份指南有什么看法？
"Having the most stars doesn't necessarily mean you're the best chef.
“擁有最多顆星不見得代表你是最棒的主廚。
You've just got to have a lot of restaurants to have a lot of stars."
你只要有很多間餐廳就能得到很多顆星星。”
At the time, Robuchon had 12 restaurants to his name.
當時，侯布匈名下有十二間餐廳。
On the big screen, recently, the film "Burnt," starring Bradley Cooper,
影壇最近有部由布萊德利·庫珀主演的電影《天菜大廚》，
even focused on a chef trying to earn his third Michelin star and the pressures of doing so.
劇情甚至著重描寫一個努力要獲得第三顆米其林星級的主廚以及背后的壓力。
Everything from now on must be perfect. Not good, not excellent—perfect.
一切從現在起都必須做到完美。不是好、不是出色，而是完美。
These are the absolute bare basics of the Michelin star system: some history and some highlights.
這些是關于米其林星級制度最最基本的小知識：一些歷史和精彩內容。
Thanks for watching IAYTD. And we'll see you next Wednesday for another "What Is ?"
謝謝收看IAYTD頻道。我們下周三在另一部《What Is?》影片再見。
I don't close good restaurants; my reviews close bad ones.
我不會搞垮好餐廳；我的評論只會讓那些爛餐廳關門大吉。
