評論
打印
Even when Nicolas II granted a Duma in his 1906 manifesto, it was only under pressure.
即便是尼古拉斯二世在他的1906年宣言中，授權成立杜馬，那也是處于壓力之下做出的選擇
Nicolas did everything in his admittedly feeble powers to throw obstacles in the new Duma's path.
尼古拉斯在他眾所周知的軟弱權力范圍內(nèi)盡其所能地阻礙新杜馬的建立
The Russian intelligentsia, which should have been welcomed into public life and public affairs decades ago,
俄羅斯知識分子本應幾十年前就參與到公共生活與決策中去
was forced to take a crash course in parliamentary democracy.
卻不得不被迫參加議會民主速成班
This crash course was interrupted by the First World War and the Russian empire was interrupted too.
這門速成課程被第一次世界大戰(zhàn)打斷，同樣地俄羅斯帝國的進程也被打斷了
Two. The genius of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
二，弗拉基米爾·伊里奇·列寧的天才才能
At the risk of oversimplifying somewhat, sometimes history, for whatever reason, produces great people at crucial times in a nation's history.
這樣說可能會有簡化之嫌，有時歷史會出于某種原因，在一個民族的歷史上在關鍵時刻創(chuàng)造出偉大的人物
Augustus Caesar was one and was Emperor Peter the Great, and as was Catherine the Great.
奧古斯都·凱撒，彼得大帝，葉卡捷琳娜大帝都是如此
Abraham Lincoln was another such great person.
亞伯拉罕·林肯是另一名這樣偉大的人物
So, much less fortunately were Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin.
而不太幸運的例子就是阿道夫·希特勒，約瑟夫·斯大林和弗拉基米爾·列寧
Lenin may or may not have been motivated by the death of his older brother.
列寧是否受他哥哥之死所激勵我們并不知道
But Lenin did make the revolution his entire life.
但是列寧的確一生都投入到了革命中
When the Bolshevik state came about in all probability Lenin worked himself to death
當布爾什維克遇到各種狀況時，列寧一直工作到去世
micro-managing everything that came across his desk, hurling out commands and reproaches over the phone, the telegram and in writing.
對放到他桌子上的所有事務都細致地管理，通過電話，電報和書面文件發(fā)出命令和責斥
