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Segment 22A. Introduction.
第22段第一部分，簡(jiǎn)介
The Bolshevik party had seized the reins of power in Russia.
布爾什維克黨在俄國(guó)掌權(quán)
But the first world war was not yet over.
但那時(shí)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)尚未結(jié)束
Moreover, potential enemies were everywhere, internal and external.
此外，國(guó)內(nèi)外到處都潛伏著敵人
The world revolution promised by Marx was becoming less and less likely.
馬克思說(shuō)會(huì)出現(xiàn)的世界革命越來(lái)越不可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)
The Bolsheviks would therefore have to create a Soviet Russian state out of scratch.
因此布爾什維克不得不從頭開(kāi)始重新創(chuàng)建一個(gè)蘇維埃俄國(guó)
The tensions between building this Russian Soviet state and the drive toward world revolution would create big problems in the 1920s.
建立俄國(guó)蘇維埃同進(jìn)行世界革命的動(dòng)力之間的緊張關(guān)系在20世紀(jì)20年代造成了巨大的問(wèn)題
In segment 22B, the uncivilized wars,
在第22段第二部分，野蠻戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
we will trace the various classes of adversaries faced by the infant Bolshevik regime which now called themselves the communists.
剛剛成立的布爾什維克政權(quán)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)叫他們?yōu)楣伯a(chǎn)主義者了，下面我們將探討他們所面臨的各階級(jí)敵人
These problems included the relationship of foreign nations with established armies,
這些問(wèn)題包括外交上要面臨新組建的軍隊(duì)的問(wèn)題
the so-called white Russian armies which appeared during this time period,
即在這期間出現(xiàn)的俄國(guó)白軍
and the liberation movements which sprang up in non-Russian parts of the former Russian empire.
以及前俄羅斯帝國(guó)非俄國(guó)區(qū)域出現(xiàn)的解放運(yùn)動(dòng)
Ultimately the Soviet Red Army prevailed but at a tremendous cost.
最終，蘇維埃紅軍贏得了勝利，但付出了巨大的代價(jià)
Millions of civilians died and the Russian nation's infrastructure was all but destroyed.
數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的平民死亡，俄國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施悉數(shù)被摧毀
