評(píng)論
打印
Had everything worked out as Alexander the Second planned, the now happy peasants would become prosperous
如果事事都像亞歷山大二世計(jì)劃的那樣發(fā)生那么農(nóng)民就會(huì)興旺發(fā)達(dá)
while the landowners worked with them and helped them better their land and better their farming techniques.
而地主可以通過雇傭他們勞動(dòng)來改善土地質(zhì)量同時(shí)也使他們的農(nóng)耕技能得到磨練
This is exactly how it didn't work!
而一切卻恰恰并沒有這樣發(fā)生
The peasants bitterly resented not being given the land outright.
農(nóng)民痛恨沒有直接將土地授予他們
The landowners found it more profitable to mortgage or sell their lands outright than farm them with free labor.
地主發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過讓他們贖買土地或者購(gòu)買土地要比雇傭自由勞動(dòng)力耕種土地要獲利更多
A few aggressive peasants who became well-off as a result of the emancipation became known as Cullacks, or Fists.
一少部分有進(jìn)取心的通過自由解放而過上了小康生活的農(nóng)民被稱作Cullack或者拳頭
But otherwise Alexander's Grand Reform accomplished oppressingly little besides earning him the title Tsar Liberator.
但是亞歷山大的宏偉改革除了給他自己贏得了解放者的美名外，在其他方面收效甚微
Alexander the Second's other initiatives were also a mixed bag.
亞歷山大二世的其他改革也是好壞參半的
He sold Alaska to the United States in 1867 but he completed Russia's conquest of Central Asia.
他在1867年把阿拉斯加賣給了美國(guó)，但是卻終結(jié)了俄國(guó)對(duì)中亞的征服
He promoted more local self-government for both the rural regions and the large cities which made the government less dependent on the nobility.
他在農(nóng)村地區(qū)和大城市都設(shè)立了很多的自治政府，這就使得政府對(duì)貴族的依賴性變少了
He reformed the army and navy which had faltered so terribly in the Crimean War.
他改革了在克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中深受打擊的陸軍和海軍
He imposed a new and more modern penal code along with a streamlined trial system.
他實(shí)施了全新的也是更加現(xiàn)代化的懲罰體系和更加流水線化的審判體系
On the other hand, he was just as determined as his father had been to make Russians out of all the Empire's non-Russians.
另一方面，他跟他的父親在將俄羅斯民族同非俄羅斯民族區(qū)分開來這一方面如出一轍
