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If you weren't a noble, you were a serf.
如果你不是貴族，那么你就是農(nóng)奴
The serfs could only be owned by nobleman.
農(nóng)奴只能被貴族擁有
But in return for the right to own serfs, nobleman had to serve in the Tsarist army.
但是作為享有擁有農(nóng)奴的權(quán)利的回報(bào)，貴族們必須在俄國(guó)軍隊(duì)服役
The two major military events of Alexei's reign were the Polish War and the Stenka Razin Revolt.
阿列克謝統(tǒng)治期間的兩次重大軍事事件，分別是波蘭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和哥薩克起義
The Polish War sprang out of Bogdan Khmelnitsky's 1648 Cossack Revolt against Polish control.
波蘭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是由于1648年哥薩克首領(lǐng)，博格丹·赫梅利尼茨基領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反抗波蘭的起義引起的
In 1653, with the Zemsky Sobor's consent,
1653年，經(jīng)過縉紳會(huì)議商議
Alexei dispatched troops to take as much Polish territory as possible, always gathering the lands.
阿列克謝調(diào)遣了軍隊(duì)去搶占波蘭領(lǐng)土，也就是聚集土地
Meanwhile, the Swedes jumped into the fight against the Ukrainian Cossacks.
同時(shí)，瑞典人也與烏克蘭的哥薩克人開火了
Desperate for help, the Cossacks signed a treaty of Piraeus Slav in 1654.
由于迫切需要幫助，哥薩克人于1654年簽訂了比雷埃夫斯·斯拉夫條約
In return for Russian protection, the Cossacks acknowledges Russian overlordship over Ukraine.
為了回報(bào)俄羅斯給與的保護(hù)，哥薩克人承認(rèn)俄國(guó)成為烏克蘭的霸主
Interestingly enough, Russia and Ukraine are still arguing furiously over what this treaty really meant.
有趣的是，俄羅斯帝國(guó)和烏克蘭還一直瘋狂地爭(zhēng)議這個(gè)條約真正的含義
In 1656, Alexei declared war on Sweden.
1656年，阿列克謝向瑞典宣戰(zhàn)
Seizing the opportunity to regroup, Poland attacked Russia. Finally in 1670, the three waring powers made peace.
波蘭抓住了重組的機(jī)會(huì)，襲擊了俄羅斯，直到1670年這三個(gè)參戰(zhàn)國(guó)才講和休戰(zhàn)
Russia had come out ahead on territory,
俄羅斯在領(lǐng)土上最占優(yōu)勢(shì)
but the Russian peasants were tired of having to fight the war in the army, and having to pay for the war through their taxes.
但是俄羅斯農(nóng)民們已經(jīng)厭倦了戰(zhàn)事，而且也不堪忍受為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)納稅
