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Let's come back to our tech CEO's question.
再來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)科技公司老板的問(wèn)題
Where better to turn for advice than nature,
哪里有向比大自然求教更好的呢？
that's been in the business of life and death for longer than any company?
大自然已經(jīng)在生死輪回的游戲中比任何公司存活得都要久了
As a lapsed biologist, I decided to immediately call a real biologist,
作為一個(gè)不務(wù)正業(yè)的生物學(xué)家，我馬上聯(lián)系了一個(gè)更專(zhuān)業(yè)的生物學(xué)者
my friend Simon Levin, Professor of Biology and Mathematics at Princeton University.
我朋友賽門(mén)·萊文，普林斯頓大學(xué)的生物學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教授
Together, we looked at a variety of biological systems,
我們共同研究了許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
ranging from natural tropical rainforests through to managed forests and fisheries.
從自然熱帶雨林到人造森林和魚(yú)塘
And we asked ourselves the question: What makes these systems resilient and enduring?
我們問(wèn)了自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題：是什么使這些系統(tǒng)具有抗壓能力和持續(xù)性
And what we found was that the same six principles that we saw underpinning the miracle of the human immune system
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)恰恰是支撐著人體免疫系統(tǒng)的六條規(guī)律，
actually cropped up again and again, from redundancy through to embeddedness.
從龐大性到鑲嵌性一次又一次地表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
In fact, we saw these principles not only in biologically enduring systems,
事實(shí)上，我們不只是在生物持久的系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)這些規(guī)律
we also found them being very characteristic of long-lived social systems,
我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?cè)趬勖L(zhǎng)久的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)中也表現(xiàn)得十分突出
like the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church, believe it or not.
就像在羅馬帝國(guó)和天主教堂中的表現(xiàn)，信不信由你。
We also went on to look at business,
我們還研究了商界
and found that these very same properties also characterized businesses that were resilient and long-lived,
也發(fā)現(xiàn)它們?cè)趫?jiān)韌且長(zhǎng)久的企業(yè)中表現(xiàn)的非常明顯
and we noted their absence from ones which were short-lived.
并且發(fā)現(xiàn)了短命的企業(yè)中這種品質(zhì)的缺失
Let's first take a look at what happens when the corporate immune system collapses.
先來(lái)看看當(dāng)企業(yè)的免疫機(jī)制失效時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么
