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And certainly, you can go back to, you need to create X dollars in value, you capture Y percent of X.
之前我們講過，你創(chuàng)造出X美元的價值，并要抓住這X刀的百分之Y
I would suggest that the history of science has generally been one where Y is 0% across the board.
通常在科學的歷史上Y的值為0
The scientists never make any money.
科學家從未掙到錢
They're always deluded into thinking that they live in a just universe that will reward them for their work and for their inventions.
他們總是幻想著自己生活在一個可以從自己的工作和創(chuàng)新得到回報的世界里
And this is probably the fundamental delusion that scientists tend to suffer from in our society.
但事實上這是一個徹徹底底的幻覺
And even in technology, there are, sort of, many different areas of technology,
在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，各種不同的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域
where there were great innovations that created tremendous value for society.
同樣由于偉大的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)生了巨大的價值
But the people did not actually capture that much of the value.
但創(chuàng)新者卻沒有從中獲利
And so I think there is a sort of whole history of.
因此我想
Science and technology that can be told from the perspective of how much value was actually captured.
如果在科學和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域想要獲利，必須要抓住Y這一部分
And certainly, there are entire sectors where people didn't capture anything.
但很明顯有些人一點也沒有抓住
So you're the smartest Physicist of the 20th century,
假設(shè)你是20世紀最偉大的物理學家
you come up with special relativity, you come up with general relativity.
你發(fā)現(xiàn)了狹義相對論和廣義相對論
You don't get to be a billionaire, you don't even get to be a millionaire.
但你卻沒有成為億萬富翁，甚至連百萬富翁都不是
It somehow doesn't work that way. The railroads, incredibly valuable.
你并沒有從中獲利，鐵路的價值非常之大
Most of them just went bankrupt, because there was too much competition.
但絕大多數(shù)公司都破產(chǎn)了，因為競爭太激烈
Wright brothers, you fly the first plane, you don't make any money.
懷特兄弟發(fā)明了飛機，但也沒掙到錢
And so I think there is sort of a structure to these industries, that's very important.
因此，在這些產(chǎn)業(yè)中，結(jié)構(gòu)的問題是非常重要的
