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73. The Founding of Carolina.
73．卡羅萊納的創(chuàng)建
The planting of New Jersey was not the only colonial venture of Carteret and Berkeley. With Lord Chancellor Clarendon and other noblemen they obtained from Charles land in southern Virginia extending southward into Spanish Florida. This great territory was named Carolina.
卡特賴(lài)特和伯克利的殖民商業(yè)投機(jī)不僅僅在于新澤西的種植業(yè)，他們還和大法官克拉里登及其他貴族一起獲得一大片土地，這片土地從弗吉尼亞南部的查爾斯島向南延伸到西班牙的佛羅里達(dá)，他們把這片土地叫做卡羅萊納。
74. The Carolina Colonists.
74．卡羅萊納殖民者
In 1663, when the Carolina charter was granted, there were a few settlers living in the northern part of the colony. Other colonists came from outside mainly from the Barbadoes and settled on the Cape Fear River. In this way was formed a colony in northern Carolina. But the most important settlement was in the southern part of the province at Charleston. Southern Carolina at once became prosperous. This was due to the fact that the soil and climate of that region were well suited to the cultivation of rice. The rice swamps brought riches to the planters, they also compelled the employment of large numbers of negro slaves. Before long, indeed, there were more negroes than whites in southern Carolina. In this way there grew up two distinct centers of colonial life in the province.
1663年，當(dāng)卡羅萊納憲章得到認(rèn)可時(shí)，這片殖民地的北方只有很少一些人居住，其他殖民地居民主要來(lái)自巴巴多斯，他們居住在菲爾河的一角，這樣在卡羅萊納北部就形成了一個(gè)新的殖民地。但是，最重要的聚居地在查理斯頓，它位于這個(gè)地區(qū)的南部。南部卡羅萊納迅速變得繁榮起來(lái)，是因?yàn)檫@里的土地和氣候特別適于種植水稻，適合種植水稻的沼澤地讓殖民地居民富足起來(lái)。他們還雇傭、壓榨大量黑奴，實(shí)際上，卡羅萊納北部的奴隸很快在數(shù)量上就超過(guò)了白人。如此以來(lái)，在這個(gè)地區(qū)就形成了兩個(gè)截然不同的殖民生活中心。
75. Bacon's Rebellion, 1676.
75．培根叛亂（1676年）
By this time the Virginians had become very discontented. There had been no election to the colonial assembly since 1660 and Governor Berkeley was very tyrannical. The Virginians also wanted more churches and more schools. To add to these causes of discontent the Indians now attacked the settlers, and Berkeley seemed to take very little interest in protecting the Virginians. Led by Nathaniel Bacon the colonists marched to Jamestown and demanded authority to go against the Indians. Berkeley gave Bacon a commission. But, as soon as Bacon left Jamestown on his expedition, Berkeley declared that he was a rebel. Bacon returned, and Berkeley fled. Bacon marched against the Indians again, and Berkeley came back, and so the rebellion went on until Bacon died. Berkeley then captured the other leaders one after another and hanged them. But when he returned to England, Charles II turned his back to him, saying, "The old fool has killed more men in Virginia than I for the murder of my father."
這時(shí)候的弗吉尼亞人已經(jīng)變得非常不滿(mǎn)，因?yàn)樽?660年以來(lái)就沒(méi)有舉行過(guò)殖民議會(huì)選舉，而總督伯克利又十分殘暴。此外，弗吉尼亞人還想要更多的教堂和更多的學(xué)校，除了導(dǎo)致不滿(mǎn)的這些原因，印第安人現(xiàn)在又要攻擊移民，伯克利似乎不太關(guān)注對(duì)弗吉尼亞人的保護(hù)問(wèn)題。而殖民者在納撒尼爾·培根蒂領(lǐng)下向詹姆斯敦進(jìn)發(fā)，并索要征討印第安人的權(quán)力。伯克利給培根一份委任狀，但是，在培根離開(kāi)詹姆斯敦開(kāi)始其遠(yuǎn)征之際，伯克利宣布培根是一個(gè)叛亂分子。培根返回詹姆斯敦，伯克利則逃走。培根再次率隊(duì)向印第安人進(jìn)發(fā)，伯克利則回到詹姆斯敦，因此叛亂繼續(xù)存在，直到培根死去。伯克利隨后將其他帶頭叛亂的人一一抓獲，并將他們絞死，但是，當(dāng)他返回英格蘭時(shí)，查理二世回過(guò)頭來(lái)對(duì)他說(shuō)：“此蠢驢在弗吉民亞殺的人，比我為報(bào)殺父之仇而殺的還要多?！?/div>
76. Virginia after Bacon's Rebellion.
76．培根叛亂后的弗吉尼亞
The Virginians were now handed over to a set of greedy governors. Some of them came to America to make their fortunes. But some of them were governors whom the people of other colonies would not have. The only event of importance in the history of the colony during the next twenty-five years was the founding of William and Mary College (1691) at Williamsburg. It was the second oldest college in the English colonies.
弗吉尼亞人現(xiàn)在要向一大群貪婪的統(tǒng)治者交納財(cái)稅，這些統(tǒng)治者中有一些是來(lái)美洲發(fā)財(cái)?shù)模牵渲幸恍┙y(tǒng)治者的位子在其他殖民地中并不存在，在接下來(lái)的二十五年間唯一重要的歷史事件是1691年威廉和瑪麗學(xué)院在威廉斯堡創(chuàng)建，這是英國(guó)人在殖民地上創(chuàng)建的第二所大學(xué)。
