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Chapter 8
第8章
The Colonies Under Charles II
查理二世的殖民統治
65. The Puritans and the Colonists, 1649—1660.
65．清教徒和殖民地（1649——1660年）
In 1649 Charles I was executed, and for eleven years the Puritans were supreme in England. During this time the New England colonists governed themselves, and paid little heed to the wishes and orders of England's rulers. After some hesitation, the Virginians accepted the authority of Cromwell and the Puritans. In return they were allowed to govern themselves. In Maryland the Puritans overturned Baltimore's governor and ruled the province for some years.
1649年，查理一世被處死，在接下來的十一年間，清教徒在英格蘭處于最高地位，新英格蘭殖民地居民處于自治狀態，幾乎不理睬英格蘭統治者的命令和意愿。經過一番猶豫，弗吉尼亞人接受了克倫威爾當局和清教徒，作為回報，當局政府允許他們自治。在馬里蘭，清教徒推翻了巴爾的摩的統治，他們統治這個地區數年。
66. Colonial Policy of Charles II.
66．查理二世的殖民政策
In 1660 Charles II became king of England or was "restored" to the throne, as people said at the time. Almost at once there was a great revival of interest in colonization, and the new government interfered vigorously in colonial affairs. In 1651 the Puritans had begun the system of giving the English trade only to English merchants and shipowners. This system was now extended, and the more important colonial products could be carried only to English ports.
1660年查理二世成為英格蘭國王，或者用當時人們的話說，他被“推回”到王位上。幾乎與此同時，人們恢復了對殖民的極大興趣，新政府強烈干預殖民事件。清教徒于1651年開始推行一個制度——只將英國貿易交給英國商人和船主，現在，這個制度被深化——來自殖民地的較為重要物產只能運往英國港口。
67. Attacks on Massachusetts.
67．進攻馬薩諸塞
The new government was especially displeased by the independent spirit shown by Massachusetts. Only good Puritans could vote in that colony, and members of the Church of England could not even worship as they wished. The Massachusetts people paid no heed whatever to the navigation laws and asserted that acts of Parliament had no force in the colony. It chanced that at this time Massachusetts had placed herself clearly in the wrong by hanging four persons for no other reason than that they were Quakers. The English government thought that now the time had come to assert its power. It ordered the Massachusetts rulers to send other Quakers to England for trial. But, when this order reached Massachusetts, there were no Quakers in prison awaiting trial, and none were ever sent to England.
馬薩諸塞人表現出的獨立精神令新政府非常不滿。在這個殖民地，只有良善的清教徒才可以投票，英格蘭教會成員甚至不可以根據自己的意愿來做禮拜；馬薩諸塞人不在乎航海法規，并宣告說議會在這個殖民地沒有約束力。此時恰巧發生了一件事情：馬薩諸塞單單以教友派信徒為由處死四個人，毫無疑問馬薩諸塞犯了錯。英國政府認為到了宣示其權力的時候了，它命令馬薩諸塞的統治者將其他教友派信徒送到英格蘭接受詢問，但是，當這個命令到達馬薩諸塞時，沒有教友派信徒在監獄中等候詢問，也沒有人被押送往英格蘭。
68. Connecticut and Rhode Island.
68．康涅狄格和羅得島
While the English government was attacking Massachusetts it was giving most liberal charters to Connecticut and to Rhode Island. Indeed, these charters were so liberal that they remained the constitutions of the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island until long after the American Revolution. The Connecticut charter included New Haven within the limits of the larger colony and thus put an end to the separate existence of New Haven.
英國政府在進攻馬薩諸塞的同時給康涅狄格和羅得島提供最為自由的特許狀，實際上，這些特許狀如此慷慨大方，它們甚至保有了康涅狄格和羅得島的地方憲法，這種情況一直維持到美洲革命。康涅狄格憲章將紐黑文納入康涅狄格這個大殖民地，由此終結了紐黑文的獨立存在。
