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Marriages pacts involved other participants mainly as contributors to the bride's dowry
參與到婚姻這一契約中的其他人主要或為新娘提供嫁妝
and as guarantors of the groom's ability to restore it to his widow or her heirs
或者保證新郎有能力在將來寡妻或她的繼承人能拿回嫁妝
which I mentioned earlier he was obliged to do
即我之前提到的他的義務(wù)
Adding women who participated in those ways to the female contractors just mentioned
如果還把這部分以這種方式參與的女人，加上剛才說的參與協(xié)商婚姻的女人
we get a total of 89 of the 101 contracts
即是101樁婚約中有89對
in which women sometimes more than one played a vital part
有時候不止一個女人擔(dān)任重要角色
here are a couple of examples by way of illustration
有幾個例子可以說明這點
In a contract of 1412 the dowry of 1,500 ducats
1412年的一樁婚約中嫁妝是1500金幣
that Regina Barbaro's father promised to his prospective son in law Niccolo Coppo
Regina Barbaro的父親向他的未來女婿Niccolo Coppo
included 1,400 ducats from Regina's maternal grandmother.
還提供了1400金幣來自Regina祖母的嫁妝
And 100 ducats from an aunt balancing those female contributions to the dowry
以及來自一位姨媽的100金幣，來平衡女人們對嫁妝的奉獻(xiàn)
Niccolo Coppo's father assured Regina of the dowry's restitution
Niccolo Coppo的父親則向Regina保證嫁妝的完整
by noting that young Niccolo had 1,500 ducats of his own inherited from his mother and grandmother
他說兒子Niccolo自己有1500金幣是來自他媽媽和祖母的遺產(chǎn)
A contract of 1530 shows even more direct involvement of women
1530年的一樁婚約更直接地說明了女人的參與
The bride and groom contracted their own marriage
男女雙方訂立婚約
The bride's mother provided the dowry
新娘的母親提供嫁妝
And the bridegroom's mother guaranteed its restitution with her property
新郎的母親則用她自己的財產(chǎn)擔(dān)保嫁妝的完整
This case was unusual
這個例子不同尋常
Because women played all three critical roles in the transaction
因為女人在這里擔(dān)當(dāng)了三個主要的角色
But the involvement of women was a regular feature of the great majority of other contracts as well
不過女人的參與在其他很多婚約中也很正常
Their presence makes it clear
她們的出現(xiàn)明顯說明了
That while most marriages were made by men
雖然大多數(shù)婚姻是男性主導(dǎo)
It was with the conspicuous and often indispensable collaboration of women
但女性顯然，而且通常是不可缺少的參與
using their wealth to participate actively in the most crucial of a family's and a lineage's activities
通過財力積極參與到一個家庭和家族最重要的活動中去
I mentioned earlier that girls who emerged from these negotiations
我剛剛提到女孩參與婚約協(xié)商中去
as newlywed brides maintained close ties to their families of origin
她們在成為新婚少婦后和娘家保持著親密聯(lián)系
as their tried to adjust to married life in the midst of a new unfamiliar family
這時她們正試圖適應(yīng)陌生家庭中的婚姻生活
those ties didn't end there
和娘家的紐帶并不在此時結(jié)束
In the testaments of a group of 100 married women of all ages
有一組遺囑來自100個年齡各異的已婚婦女
More than three quarters, 84 named executors from their families of birth
有84個，超過3/4，從娘家選定遺囑執(zhí)行人
even widows kept up those connections
寡婦也與娘家保持聯(lián)系
28 out of a group of 50 will writing widows appointed executors from their birth families
50個立遺囑的寡婦中有28個從娘家選定執(zhí)行人
The durable bond between married women and their parents and siblings
這種持續(xù)的關(guān)系存在于已婚婦女和她們的父母和兄弟間
shows that wives were fully absorbed into their husbands' families and lineages
說明妻子雖已全面融入夫家的家庭和家族中
But maintained a complex identity remaining daughters and sisters as well as wives
卻保留著復(fù)雜的身份，仍然作為女兒和姐妹，而不僅僅是人妻
And making practical use of both sets of relationships
并且實際利用起這兩邊的關(guān)系
what maybe surprising in this patrilineal society
在父系社會中驚人的是
is that trust also arose often very quickly between married men and the families of their new wives
信任很快就在男方和新婚妻子家庭間建立
